{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416789121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769047.3769067","title":"Investigating How Text and Motion Style Shape Directness In Embodied Conversational Agents","display_name":"Investigating How Text and Motion Style Shape Directness In Embodied Conversational Agents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416789121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769047.3769067"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769047.3769067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769047.3769067","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 18th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction, and Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769047.3769067","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael O'Mahony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2344-7377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael O'Mahony","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2344-7377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028464565","display_name":"Cathy Ennis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-5347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Ennis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-5347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009346892","display_name":"Robert Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-273X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-273X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37765975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.4652000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.4652000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.19300000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.8325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6920999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.6219000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","score":0.391400009393692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.8325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6920999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6287999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.6219000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103683099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370102","display_name":"Embodied agent","level":3,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776352735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2313343","display_name":"Turn-taking","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769047.3769067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769047.3769067","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 18th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction, and Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769047.3769067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769047.3769067","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 18th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction, and Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1874226381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2106_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336201","funder_display_name":"ADAPT - Centre for Digital Content Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7316039843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/CRT/6183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336201","display_name":"ADAPT - Centre for Digital Content Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053103890","https://openalex.org/W2066391335","https://openalex.org/W2085290220","https://openalex.org/W2733481773","https://openalex.org/W2737477199","https://openalex.org/W2774469370","https://openalex.org/W2837908736","https://openalex.org/W2955976790","https://openalex.org/W2975979345","https://openalex.org/W3005092074","https://openalex.org/W3041778035","https://openalex.org/W3093732267","https://openalex.org/W3118898753","https://openalex.org/W3161485033","https://openalex.org/W3181414701","https://openalex.org/W4223442012","https://openalex.org/W4224233303","https://openalex.org/W4308685426","https://openalex.org/W4386066602","https://openalex.org/W4390094937","https://openalex.org/W4390094987","https://openalex.org/W4408954991"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embodied":[0],"Conversational":[1],"Agents":[2],"(ECAs)":[3],"are":[4],"becoming":[5],"more":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9],"various":[10],"applications,":[11],"notably":[12],"in":[13,61,73],"health.":[14],"Some":[15],"studies":[16],"have":[17],"demonstrated":[18],"the":[19,36,101],"effectiveness":[20,44,60],"of":[21,38,56,66,91,103],"delivering":[22],"Motivational":[23],"Interviews":[24],"(MIs),":[25],"a":[26,110],"patient-centred":[27],"behaviour":[28],"change":[29],"method,":[30],"with":[31,109,127],"ECAs.":[32],"Despite":[33],"showing":[34],"promise,":[35],"effect":[37],"agent":[39],"communication":[40,138],"style":[41,139],"on":[42,107],"MI":[43],"remains":[45],"underexplored.":[46],"Directness":[47],"has":[48],"been":[49],"shown":[50],"to":[51,70,75,87,134,140],"impact":[52,102],"satisfaction":[53],"and":[54,59,95,105,121],"preference":[55],"dialogue":[57],"systems,":[58],"some":[62],"cases.":[63],"However,":[64],"outside":[65],"verbal":[67],"style,":[68],"how":[69],"control":[71],"directness":[72,92,108],"ECAs":[74],"achieve":[76],"these":[77],"goals":[78],"is":[79],"not":[80],"well":[81],"understood.":[82],"We":[83],"designed":[84],"an":[85],"ECA":[86],"convey":[88],"different":[89],"levels":[90],"through":[93],"language":[94,104,117],"Non-Verbal":[96],"behaviours":[97],"(NVBs),":[98],"then":[99],"evaluated":[100],"NVB":[106,123],"perception":[111],"study.":[112],"The":[113],"results":[114],"showed":[115],"that":[116,122],"influenced":[118],"perceived":[119],"directness,":[120],"contributed":[124],"when":[125],"aligned":[126],"indirect":[128],"language.":[129],"These":[130],"findings":[131],"suggest":[132],"ways":[133],"shape":[135],"conversational":[136],"agents\u2019":[137],"enhance":[141],"their":[142],"effectiveness.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}