{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416659599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768988","title":"Waiting for QUIC: Passive Measurements to Understand QUIC Deployments","display_name":"Waiting for QUIC: Passive Measurements to Understand QUIC Deployments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416659599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3768988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290834","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Networking","issn_l":"2834-5509","issn":["2834-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768988","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041909485","display_name":"Jonas M\u00fccke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonas M\u00fccke","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103154417","display_name":"Marcin Nawrocki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-5502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100882","display_name":"NetScout (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014y0b014","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Nawrocki","raw_affiliation_strings":["NETSCOUT, Westford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-5502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NETSCOUT, Westford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031272687","display_name":"Raphael Hiesgen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1676-8108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70451448","display_name":"HAW Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fkqwx76","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Hiesgen","raw_affiliation_strings":["HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1676-8108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049611799","display_name":"Patrick Sattler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-3113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Sattler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-3113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009418849","display_name":"Johannes Zirngibl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-016X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Zirngibl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-016X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060144977","display_name":"Georg Carle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-1839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Carle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-1839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052303277","display_name":"Jan Luxemburk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Luxemburk","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIT CTU, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIT CTU, Prague, Czech Republic and CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078","https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027677424","display_name":"Thomas C. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-7885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70451448","display_name":"HAW Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fkqwx76","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas C. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-7885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039216100","display_name":"Matthias W\u00e4hlisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias W\u00e4hlisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-2807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041909485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34292525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"CoNEXT4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.31040000915527344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.31040000915527344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.2222999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.09950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.9018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7372000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-switching","display_name":"Packet switching","score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.3725000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.9018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7713000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7372000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6535999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20832178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146298","display_name":"Trilateration","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33588617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8803","display_name":"Transmission Control Protocol","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3768988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290834","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Networking","issn_l":"2834-5509","issn":["2834-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3768988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290834","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Networking","issn_l":"2834-5509","issn":["2834-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3444973624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16KIS2332K","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5037192547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16KIS2333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677315679","https://openalex.org/W1970121628","https://openalex.org/W2090106845","https://openalex.org/W2107754621","https://openalex.org/W2137273017","https://openalex.org/W2273944394","https://openalex.org/W2403165337","https://openalex.org/W2469987047","https://openalex.org/W2545990795","https://openalex.org/W2592593797","https://openalex.org/W2891570868","https://openalex.org/W2896214623","https://openalex.org/W2903488201","https://openalex.org/W2949744776","https://openalex.org/W2953094306","https://openalex.org/W2963905788","https://openalex.org/W3044032442","https://openalex.org/W3044512636","https://openalex.org/W3045225858","https://openalex.org/W3094623309","https://openalex.org/W3138222079","https://openalex.org/W3187145766","https://openalex.org/W3188987582","https://openalex.org/W3189217741","https://openalex.org/W3196394649","https://openalex.org/W3208904656","https://openalex.org/W3210970122","https://openalex.org/W4205516914","https://openalex.org/W4211053822","https://openalex.org/W4237357939","https://openalex.org/W4281622875","https://openalex.org/W4308504165","https://openalex.org/W4318275388","https://openalex.org/W4322722712","https://openalex.org/W4385624909","https://openalex.org/W4392964528","https://openalex.org/W4399448691","https://openalex.org/W4403575103","https://openalex.org/W4403981047","https://openalex.org/W4403981167","https://openalex.org/W4412346188","https://openalex.org/W4413757502","https://openalex.org/W6923376096"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"QUIC":[0,18,88,136],"experiences":[1],"a":[2,25],"rapid":[3],"adoption":[4],"since":[5],"its":[6],"standardization":[7],"in":[8],"2021,":[9],"and":[10,35,64,72,93,138],"hypergiants":[11],"configure":[12,66],"their":[13],"infrastructure":[14],"to":[15,29,56],"optimize":[16],"for":[17],"performance.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,53,75,97],"introduce":[24],"passive":[26,133],"measurement":[27,106],"method":[28],"study":[30],"both":[31],"the":[32,40,49,58,121],"progressive":[33],"rollout":[34],"individual":[36],"hypergiant":[37,100],"configurations":[38,102],"during":[39,103],"last":[41],"five":[42],"years.":[43],"By":[44],"analyzing":[45],"backscatter":[46],"traffic":[47],"of":[48,81,123,135],"UCSD":[50],"network":[51],"telescope,":[52],"are":[54],"able":[55],"make":[57],"following":[59],"observations.":[60],"First,":[61],"Meta,":[62],"Google,":[63],"Cloudflare":[65],"significantly":[67],"different":[68,78,105],"maximal":[69],"retransmission":[70],"numbers":[71],"timeouts.":[73],"Second,":[74],"can":[76,111],"identify":[77],"off-net":[79],"deployments":[80],"hypergiants,":[82],"using":[83,129],"packet":[84,91,94],"features,":[85],"such":[86,119],"as":[87,120],"connection":[89,109],"IDs,":[90],"coalescence,":[92],"lengths.":[95],"Third,":[96],"observe":[98],"changing":[99],"deployment":[101],"our":[104,127],"periods.":[107],"Fourth,":[108],"IDs":[110],"allow":[112],"further":[113],"insights":[114],"into":[115],"load":[116],"balancer":[117],"deployments,":[118],"number":[122],"servers.":[124],"We":[125],"bolster":[126],"results":[128],"two":[130],"orthogonal":[131],"measurements:":[132],"recording":[134],"flows":[137],"active":[139],"probing.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
