{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414241558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153","title":"Robust Neural Information Retrieval: An Adversarial and Out-of-Distribution Perspective","display_name":"Robust Neural Information Retrieval: An Adversarial and Out-of-Distribution Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414241558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3768153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/robust-neural-information-retrieval(0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101873009","display_name":"Yu-An Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-5097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-An Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-5097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009898523","display_name":"Ruqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-2541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-2541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088621320","display_name":"Jiafeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-8674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-8674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031439294","display_name":"Maarten de Rijke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten de Rijke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006971161","display_name":"Yixing Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4317-2702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixing Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4317-2702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029998682","display_name":"Xueqi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-8195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94292606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8180999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-information-retrieval","display_name":"Adversarial information retrieval","score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.3174000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8180999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4814999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116425068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686695","display_name":"Adversarial information retrieval","level":5,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90288658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318149","display_name":"Human\u2013computer information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78999398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2899888","display_name":"Information needs","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3768153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/robust-neural-information-retrieval(0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, Y-A, Zhang, R, Guo, J, de Rijke, M, Fan, Y & Cheng, X 2026, 'Robust Neural Information Retrieval : An Adversarial and Out-of-Distribution Perspective', ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 44, no. 1, 17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire/0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c","pdf_url":"https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/303416476/Robust_Neural_Information_Retrieval.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, Y-A, Zhang, R, Guo, J, de Rijke, M, Fan, Y & Cheng, X 2026, 'Robust Neural Information Retrieval : An Adversarial and Out-of-Distribution Perspective', ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 44, no. 1, 17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/robust-neural-information-retrieval(0136c35c-9d9b-496c-959b-3833dd0af87c).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, Y-A, Zhang, R, Guo, J, de Rijke, M, Fan, Y & Cheng, X 2026, 'Robust Neural Information Retrieval : An Adversarial and Out-of-Distribution Perspective', ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 44, no. 1, 17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3768153","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2289169492","display_name":"Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation","funder_award_id":"101070212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2522204841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"024.004.022, NWA.1389.20.183, and KICH3.LTP.20.006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2761794916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3303100883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472408, 62372431 and 62441229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3805707632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101070212 (FINDHR) and No. 101201510 (UNITE)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5550786340","display_name":"Hybrid Intelligence (HI): augmenting human intellect","funder_award_id":"024.004.022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6280615682","display_name":"Low Resource Chat-based Conversational Intelligence","funder_award_id":"NWA.1389.20.183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6640760388","display_name":"Trustworthy AI-based Systems for Sustainable Growth","funder_award_id":"KICH3.LTP.20.006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40716904","https://openalex.org/W1481269173","https://openalex.org/W1593532658","https://openalex.org/W1989813731","https://openalex.org/W1994129711","https://openalex.org/W2010259002","https://openalex.org/W2027668206","https://openalex.org/W2034977219","https://openalex.org/W2062709414","https://openalex.org/W2069065514","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2072112759","https://openalex.org/W2084457609","https://openalex.org/W2105981469","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2126281141","https://openalex.org/W2161709571","https://openalex.org/W2489487449","https://openalex.org/W2579131192","https://openalex.org/W2606555609","https://openalex.org/W2609368435","https://openalex.org/W2619206542","https://openalex.org/W2739979652","https://openalex.org/W2741632195","https://openalex.org/W2750779823","https://openalex.org/W2763951499","https://openalex.org/W2798964384","https://openalex.org/W2799007037","https://openalex.org/W2907262778","https://openalex.org/W2912924812","https://openalex.org/W2914065108","https://openalex.org/W2922386288","https://openalex.org/W2955573083","https://openalex.org/W2963339397","https://openalex.org/W2963969878","https://openalex.org/W3005346446","https://openalex.org/W3007157104","https://openalex.org/W3021397474","https://openalex.org/W3029021318","https://openalex.org/W3030364939","https://openalex.org/W3034827743","https://openalex.org/W3093655911","https://openalex.org/W3095156104","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3100107515","https://openalex.org/W3101023724","https://openalex.org/W3101754922","https://openalex.org/W3102018197","https://openalex.org/W3102491798","https://openalex.org/W3104570147","https://openalex.org/W3115462295","https://openalex.org/W3137305332","https://openalex.org/W3155895380","https://openalex.org/W3156836409","https://openalex.org/W3168875417","https://openalex.org/W3173784240","https://openalex.org/W3174113198","https://openalex.org/W3185146124","https://openalex.org/W3188983256","https://openalex.org/W3198691721","https://openalex.org/W3201233724","https://openalex.org/W3203135439","https://openalex.org/W3206786886","https://openalex.org/W3211999566","https://openalex.org/W3216225167","https://openalex.org/W4200635123","https://openalex.org/W4205321771","https://openalex.org/W4205807230","https://openalex.org/W4213442487","https://openalex.org/W4221166196","https://openalex.org/W4224330422","https://openalex.org/W4224980447","https://openalex.org/W4225620948","https://openalex.org/W4226325130","https://openalex.org/W4236789328","https://openalex.org/W4237977885","https://openalex.org/W4239019441","https://openalex.org/W4284664419","https://openalex.org/W4285165766","https://openalex.org/W4285605369","https://openalex.org/W4292215729","https://openalex.org/W4292955407","https://openalex.org/W4292955513","https://openalex.org/W4307903335","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4327644550","https://openalex.org/W4362686793","https://openalex.org/W4367047378","https://openalex.org/W4381686872","https://openalex.org/W4384887310","https://openalex.org/W4385570359","https://openalex.org/W4385571692","https://openalex.org/W4385688501","https://openalex.org/W4386302269","https://openalex.org/W4386602590","https://openalex.org/W4387846590","https://openalex.org/W4387848569","https://openalex.org/W4387849042","https://openalex.org/W4388493308","https://openalex.org/W4388867283","https://openalex.org/W4389519591","https://openalex.org/W4389523765","https://openalex.org/W4389524402","https://openalex.org/W4389921502","https://openalex.org/W4394947904","https://openalex.org/W4400528754","https://openalex.org/W4401857670","https://openalex.org/W4405143973","https://openalex.org/W4411630018","https://openalex.org/W4412230201"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,29,145],"neural":[3,112,123],"information":[4,14,44,74,124,170,186,196,216],"retrieval":[5,15,45,75,109,125,197,217],"models":[6,110,218],"have":[7],"significantly":[8],"enhanced":[9],"these":[10,20],"models\u2019":[11],"effectiveness":[12],"across":[13],"tasks.":[16],"The":[17],"robustness":[18,86,105,214],"of":[19,40,73,85,121,132,148,165,215],"models,":[21,114],"which":[22],"is":[23,51,76],"essential":[24],"for":[25,69,107,184,194,199,209],"ensuring":[26],"their":[27],"reliability":[28],"practice,":[30],"has":[31],"also":[32],"garnered":[33],"significant":[34],"attention.":[35],"With":[36,95],"a":[37,77,96,162,173,181],"wide":[38],"array":[39],"research":[41,211],"on":[42,98,140,176,212],"robust":[43,169,185],"being":[46],"published,":[47],"we":[48,81,103,156],"believe":[49],"it":[50],"the":[52,57,67,83,122,146,213],"opportune":[53],"moment":[54],"to":[55,168,221],"consolidate":[56],"current":[58],"status,":[59],"glean":[60],"insights":[61],"from":[62],"existing":[63],"methodologies,":[64],"and":[65,80,92,100,111,135,142,179,219],"lay":[66],"groundwork":[68],"future":[70,143,210],"development.":[71],"Robustness":[72],"multifaceted":[78],"concept":[79],"emphasize":[82],"importance":[84],"against":[87],"performance":[88],"variance,":[89],"out-of-distribution":[90,99],"scenarios,":[91],"adversarial":[93,101],"attacks.":[94],"focus":[97],"robustness,":[102],"dissect":[104],"solutions":[106],"dense":[108],"ranking":[113],"respectively,":[115],"recognizing":[116],"them":[117],"as":[118],"pivotal":[119],"components":[120],"pipeline.":[126],"We":[127,201],"provide":[128],"an":[129],"in-depth":[130],"discussion":[131],"methods,":[133],"datasets,":[134],"evaluation":[136],"metrics,":[137],"shedding":[138],"light":[139],"challenges":[141],"directions":[144],"era":[147],"large":[149],"language":[150],"models.":[151],"To":[152],"accompany":[153],"this":[154,177,204],"survey,":[155,178],"release":[157],"three":[158],"additional":[159],"resources:":[160],"(1)":[161],"curated":[163],"list":[164],"publications":[166],"related":[167],"retrieval,":[171,187],"(2)":[172],"tutorial":[174],"based":[175],"(3)":[180],"heterogeneous":[182],"benchmark":[183],"BestIR,":[188],"that":[189,203],"collects":[190],"all":[191],"known":[192],"datasets":[193],"evaluating":[195],"systems":[198],"robustness.":[200],"hope":[202],"study":[205],"provides":[206],"useful":[207],"clues":[208],"helps":[220],"develop":[222],"trustworthy":[223],"IR":[224],"systems.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}