{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414179488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767336","title":"A Precision-Scalable Accelerator with Sign-Magnitude Representation and Dual Adder Trees","display_name":"A Precision-Scalable Accelerator with Sign-Magnitude Representation and Dual Adder Trees","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414179488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3767336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002676085","display_name":"Xianghong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-4945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77566578","display_name":"United Microelectronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vrhw316","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161555","https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMPANY OF CHIPEYE MICROELECTRONICS FOSHAN LTD","SCHOOL OF MICROELECTRONICS, GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-4945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMPANY OF CHIPEYE MICROELECTRONICS FOSHAN LTD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77566578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCHOOL OF MICROELECTRONICS, GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019052631","display_name":"Ci-Jian Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7764-000X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421873","display_name":"Xueming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77566578","display_name":"United Microelectronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vrhw316","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161555","https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-4272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080762204","display_name":"R. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1697-6556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1697-6556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113640603","display_name":"Yuanmiao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9106-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanmiao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9106-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108552617","display_name":"Shu Qin Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shansen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9246-6116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024751332","display_name":"Hongmin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-0616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-0616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050076555","display_name":"Shuting Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-6439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuting Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-6439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007822830","display_name":"Xiaoming Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-7621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77566578","display_name":"United Microelectronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vrhw316","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161555","https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-7621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22806304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.5044000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-data-representation","display_name":"External Data Representation","score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.5044000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163973906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649900","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3767336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493888297","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2937568977","https://openalex.org/W2962939807","https://openalex.org/W2963526839","https://openalex.org/W2982041622","https://openalex.org/W2993772512","https://openalex.org/W3011722122","https://openalex.org/W3025143601","https://openalex.org/W3128337873","https://openalex.org/W3174563152","https://openalex.org/W3175236806","https://openalex.org/W3216111572","https://openalex.org/W3217016993","https://openalex.org/W4200328352","https://openalex.org/W4206556022","https://openalex.org/W4237249260","https://openalex.org/W4244024631","https://openalex.org/W4247198796","https://openalex.org/W4285484627","https://openalex.org/W4291908477","https://openalex.org/W4293243646","https://openalex.org/W4310362310","https://openalex.org/W4312820578","https://openalex.org/W4360605392","https://openalex.org/W4362545103","https://openalex.org/W4386362207","https://openalex.org/W4391087804","https://openalex.org/W4392181806","https://openalex.org/W4401071278","https://openalex.org/W4401123216","https://openalex.org/W4404133979","https://openalex.org/W4405718104","https://openalex.org/W4408780268"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"there":[1],"are":[2,128],"two":[3],"mainstream":[4],"acceleration":[5],"methods;":[6],"one":[7],"is":[8,14,148],"mixed":[9,20,69],"precision":[10,21,27,70,104],"and":[11,22,24,50,71,99,110,121,191,196],"the":[12,42,132,137,141,145,154,176,180,211],"other":[13],"sparsity.":[15,77,112],"Few":[16],"accelerators":[17,40],"support":[18,102],"both":[19],"sparsity,":[23],"most":[25,38],"enable":[26],"configurations":[28],"across":[29],"layers":[30],"rather":[31],"than":[32,151],"within":[33],"a":[34,81,85,93,115,122,163,215],"single":[35],"layer.":[36],"Furthermore,":[37],"of":[39,97,134,144,153,179,218],"adopt":[41],"traditional":[43],"two\u2019s":[44],"complement":[45],"(2C)":[46],"data":[47,94],"representation":[48,95],"method,":[49],"we":[51,79],"found":[52],"that":[53,152,175],"2C":[54,155],"brings":[55,64],"many":[56,72],"invalid":[57,73],"\u201d1\u201d":[58],"when":[59],"representing":[60],"signed":[61],"data,":[62],"which":[63,91],"more":[65],"resources":[66],"overhead":[67],"for":[68,75],"operations":[74],"bit-level":[76,111,123],"Therefore,":[78],"propose":[80],"high-efficiency":[82],"accelerator":[83,158,182],"featuring":[84],"precision-scalable":[86],"Sign-Magnitude":[87],"Processing":[88],"Element":[89],"(SM-PE),":[90],"adopts":[92],"method":[96],"SM":[98,146],"can":[100],"flexibly":[101],"various":[103],"calculations":[105],"(2,":[106],"4,":[107],"8":[108],"bits)":[109],"In":[113],"addition,":[114],"dynamic":[116],"quantization":[117],"algorithm":[118],"named":[119],"DoReFaLike":[120],"column":[124],"sparsity":[125,142],"(BLCS)":[126],"technique":[127],"proposed":[129,181,212],"to":[130,170,208,220],"improve":[131],"efficiency":[133,178],"SM-PEs.":[135],"Under":[136],"same":[138],"accuracy":[139],"constraint,":[140],"rate":[143],"scheme":[147],"3.5\u00d7":[149],"higher":[150],"format.":[156],"The":[157],"has":[159],"been":[160],"synthesized":[161],"on":[162],"55nm":[164],"CMOS":[165],"ASIC":[166],"platform.":[167],"When":[168],"scaled":[169],"28nm,":[171],"experimental":[172],"results":[173],"show":[174],"energy":[177],"reaches":[183],"15.50,":[184],"25.37,":[185],"101.54":[186],"TOPS/W":[187],"with":[188],"8-bit,":[189],"4-bit,":[190],"2-bit":[192],"input":[193],"activations,":[194],"respectively,":[195],"weights":[197],"represented":[198],"in":[199],"sparse":[200],"8-bit":[201],"precision,":[202],"operating":[203],"at":[204],"400":[205],"MHz.":[206],"Compared":[207],"state-of-the-art":[209],"accelerators,":[210],"design":[213],"achieves":[214],"performance":[216],"improvement":[217],"1.1\u00d7":[219],"3.9\u00d7.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}