{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155508426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767295.3803594","title":"SmartNS: Enabling Line-rate and Flexible Network Stack with SmartNIC","display_name":"SmartNS: Enabling Line-rate and Flexible Network Stack with SmartNIC","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155508426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767295.3803594"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3767295.3803594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767295.3803594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767295.3803594","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101302270","display_name":"Xuzheng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuzheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7432-5485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436858","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-3704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041498203","display_name":"Baolin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baolin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5336-8224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015651732","display_name":"Xueying Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7550-9379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7550-9379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134490884","display_name":"Zhongqing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-3117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-3117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134530421","display_name":"Ting Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6115-5516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6115-5516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005280008","display_name":"Shu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7057-0194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7057-0194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100560482","display_name":"Lingjun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5145-6097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104666715","display_name":"Chao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9923-198X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-6678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021252504","display_name":"Yin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-6753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-6753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016472874","display_name":"Yuanchao Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134484094","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004837462","display_name":"Zeke Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-9241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeke Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-9241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101302270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94812497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"879","last_page":"898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.19529999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.19529999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.12319999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.07440000027418137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2628999948501587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3767295.3803594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767295.3803594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3767295.3803594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3767295.3803594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1101031052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5231406166","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5672621438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62441236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6730332066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022ZD0117000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,10,63,80,106,131,139,159,167,190,202],"gap":[2],"between":[3],"network":[4,12,25,46,76,93,160],"and":[5,20,38,99,118,172,175,197],"CPU":[6,19],"speeds":[7],"rapidly":[8],"increases,":[9],"CPU-centric":[11],"stack":[13,94,161],"proves":[14],"inadequate":[15],"due":[16,61],"to":[17,44,48,50,58,62,125,129,149,153],"excessive":[18],"memory":[21,83,127,134],"overheads.":[22],"Though":[23],"hardware-offloaded":[24,203],"stacks":[26,47],"alleviate":[27],"these":[28],"issues,":[29],"they":[30],"suffer":[31],"from":[32],"limited":[33,81],"flexibility":[34],"in":[35,193,205],"both":[36],"control":[37],"data":[39],"planes.":[40],"It":[41],"seems":[42],"promising":[43],"offload":[45,154],"Smart-NICs":[49],"provide":[51],"high":[52],"flexibility.":[53],"However,":[54],"naive":[55],"offloading":[56,115,147],"leads":[57],"low":[59],"throughput":[60,188,200],"inherent":[64],"architectural":[65],"limitations":[66,107],"of":[67,108],"widespread":[68,168],"off-path":[69],"SmartNICs.":[70],"Even":[71],"simple":[72],"operations":[73],"on":[74],"staged":[75],"traffic":[77,128],"would":[78],"overwhelm":[79],"SmartNIC":[82,133,140],"bandwidth.":[84,135],"To":[85,104,136],"this":[86],"end,":[87],"we":[88,111,143],"design":[89],"SmartNS,":[90],"a":[91,113,145],"SmartNIC-centric":[92],"with":[95,158],"software":[96,182],"transport":[97,177],"programmability":[98],"line-rate":[100],"packet":[101],"processing":[102,122],"capabilities.":[103],"tackle":[105],"SmartNIC-induced":[109],"challenges,":[110],"propose":[112,144],"header-only":[114],"TX":[116],"path":[117,124],"an":[119],"unlimited-working-set":[120],"in-cache":[121],"RX":[123],"minimize":[126],"fit":[130],"wimpy":[132],"fully":[137],"utilize":[138],"computing":[141],"resources,":[142],"programmable":[146],"engine":[148],"enable":[150],"cloud":[151],"providers":[152],"customized":[155],"tasks":[156],"along":[157],"processing.":[162],"We":[163],"prototype":[164],"SmartNS":[165,184],"using":[166],"Nvidia":[169],"BlueField-3":[170],"SmartNIC,":[171],"implement":[173],"RoCEv2":[174],"Solar":[176],"protocols":[178],"by":[179],"leveraging":[180],"SmartNS's":[181],"programmability.":[183],"achieves":[185],"2.2\u00d7":[186],"higher":[187,199],"than":[189,201],"microkernel-based":[191],"baseline":[192,204],"block":[194],"storage":[195],"disaggregation":[196],"1.3\u00d7":[198],"KVCache":[206],"transfer.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"}
