{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417200320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3765612.3767795","title":"Examining Radiation Therapy Planning Knowledge in Large Language Models","display_name":"Examining Radiation Therapy Planning Knowledge in Large Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417200320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3765612.3767795"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3765612.3767795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3765612.3767795","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3765612.3767795","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3765612.3767795","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098920883","display_name":"Ouldouz Ghorbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2787-9532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ouldouz Ghorbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2787-9532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048781653","display_name":"Ahmed Helmy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-3536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Helmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-3536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074257704","display_name":"Jackie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-2322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingrong Jackie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-2322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029749535","display_name":"Yaorong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-0293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaorong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-0293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42834395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.31630000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.31630000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.15839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.09989999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-treatment-planning","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-planning-and-scheduling","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","score":0.34150001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.597100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201645570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830637","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","level":3,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114073186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631895","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3765612.3767795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3765612.3767795","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3765612.3767795","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3765612.3767795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3765612.3767795","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3765612.3767795","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417200320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417200320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236433007"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalized":[0],"radiation":[1],"therapy":[2],"(RT)":[3],"planning":[4,23],"is":[5,17],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,73],"minimizing":[8],"toxicities.":[9],"As":[10],"large":[11],"language":[12],"models":[13,50,56,63],"(LLMs)":[14],"advance,":[15],"it":[16],"vital":[18],"to":[19],"assess":[20],"the":[21,67],"RT":[22,34,75],"knowledge":[24],"across":[25],"model":[26],"types":[27],"and":[28,36,39],"sizes.":[29],"We":[30],"introduce":[31],"a":[32,43],"board-exam-style":[33],"dataset":[35],"benchmark":[37],"proprietary":[38],"open-weight":[40],"LLMs":[41],"in":[42],"zero-shot":[44],"setting.":[45],"Results":[46],"show":[47],"that":[48],"state-of-the-art":[49],"exceed":[51],"80%":[52],"accuracy,":[53],"with":[54],"larger":[55],"outperforming":[57],"smaller":[58],"ones,":[59],"while":[60],"fine-tuned":[61],"compact":[62],"remain":[64],"competitive,":[65],"underscoring":[66],"potential":[68],"of":[69],"LLM-based":[70],"decision":[71],"support":[72],"clinical":[74],"planning.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}
