{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417000469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3763317","title":"WATER: Watertight Tessellation for Real-Time Pixel-Accurate Rendering of Large-Scale Surfaces","display_name":"WATER: Watertight Tessellation for Real-Time Pixel-Accurate Rendering of Large-Scale Surfaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417000469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3763317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3763317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3763317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067579084","display_name":"Yajun Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-6624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705061","display_name":"Lu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1199-0390"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sheyun Technology, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1199-0390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sheyun Technology, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102789008","display_name":"Cong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3527-6313"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sheyun Technology, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3527-6313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sheyun Technology, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635702","display_name":"Ligang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-1431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ligang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-1431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97398343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.8337000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.8337000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.08640000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.04639999940991402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiled-rendering","display_name":"Tiled rendering","score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-rendering","display_name":"Real-time rendering","score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tessellation","display_name":"Tessellation (computer graphics)","score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternate-frame-rendering","display_name":"Alternate frame rendering","score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-memory","display_name":"Texture memory","score":0.5015000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.7135000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189059883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7802119","display_name":"Tiled rendering","level":5,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43817857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9357547","display_name":"Tessellation (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97431224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438393","display_name":"Alternate frame rendering","level":5,"score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18766215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708532","display_name":"Texture memory","level":5,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109772839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297645","display_name":"Software rendering","level":4,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24881265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757267","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177681979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633182","display_name":"Shader","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186772499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135017","display_name":"Parallel rendering","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3763317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3763317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989513862","https://openalex.org/W1992827942","https://openalex.org/W2011471397","https://openalex.org/W2030798836","https://openalex.org/W2032325716","https://openalex.org/W2059908495","https://openalex.org/W2060155980","https://openalex.org/W2069812060","https://openalex.org/W2076497325","https://openalex.org/W2077014065","https://openalex.org/W2082431177","https://openalex.org/W2119431767","https://openalex.org/W2154696114","https://openalex.org/W2340396372","https://openalex.org/W2789858644","https://openalex.org/W4385275537"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Watertight":[0],"tessellation":[1,31,69],"is":[2,70,116],"essential":[3],"for":[4,11,72,131],"real-time":[5,36],"rendering":[6,96,133],"of":[7,114],"large-scale":[8],"surfaces,":[9,75],"particularly":[10],"Non-Uniform":[12],"Rational":[13],"B-Splines":[14],"(NURBS)":[15],"and":[16,52,59,97,124],"Catmull-Clark":[17],"Subdivision":[18],"(CCS)":[19],"surfaces.":[20],"We":[21],"present":[22],"WATER,":[23],"a":[24,45,64,81,111,128],"software-based":[25],"framework":[26],"that":[27],"delivers":[28],"watertight,":[29],"non-uniform":[30],"with":[32,49],"pixel-level":[33],"accuracy":[34],"at":[35],"frame":[37],"rates.":[38],"Unlike":[39],"fixed-function":[40],"hardware":[41,68],"tessellation,":[42],"WATER":[43,126],"adopts":[44],"fully":[46],"GPU-driven":[47],"pipeline":[48],"cache-friendly":[50],"design":[51],"novel":[53],"algorithms,":[54],"offering":[55],"greater":[56],"flexibility,":[57],"scalability,":[58],"performance.":[60],"Under":[61],"our":[62,91],"framework,":[63],"2\u00d7\u20133\u00d7":[65],"speedup":[66],"over":[67],"achieved":[71],"bi-3":[73],"B\u00e9zier":[74,78],"while":[76],"bi-7":[77],"surfaces":[79],"exhibit":[80],"7\u00d7\u201311\u00d7":[82],"improvement.":[83],"Compared":[84],"to":[85],"ETER":[86],"[Xiong":[87],"et":[88],"al.":[89],"2023],":[90],"method":[92],"achieves":[93],"1.3\u00d7\u20132.1\u00d7":[94],"faster":[95],"52%\u201372%":[98],"lower":[99],"memory":[100],"usage":[101],"under":[102],"the":[103],"same":[104],"non-watertight":[105],"uniform":[106],"pattern.":[107],"When":[108],"enforcing":[109],"watertightness,":[110],"moderate":[112],"overhead":[113],"23%\u201351%":[115],"incurred.":[117],"With":[118],"its":[119],"advantages":[120],"in":[121],"quality,":[122],"efficiency,":[123],"adaptability,":[125],"provides":[127],"compelling":[129],"alternative":[130],"industrial-scale":[132],"tasks":[134],"requiring":[135],"watertightness.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-12-04T00:00:00"}