{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413380271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761812","title":"FC-GPU: Feedback Control GPU Scheduling for Real-time Embedded Systems","display_name":"FC-GPU: Feedback Control GPU Scheduling for Real-time Embedded Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413380271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3761812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761812","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020129565","display_name":"Srinivasan Subramaniyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5848-5667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasan Subramaniyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University","The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5848-5667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658019","display_name":"Xiaorui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-1418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaorui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University","Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-1418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.131,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94025261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5s","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7420774102210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.5815860033035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.545680820941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.5455223917961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3967910706996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.2654005289077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.12302359938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.049859851598739624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7420774102210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.5815860033035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.545680820941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5455223917961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3967910706996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2654005289077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.12302359938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.049859851598739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3761812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3761812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761812","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1011021065","display_name":"CSR: Small: An Integrated Feedback Real-time Scheduling Framework for ECU and GPU-based Autonomous Driving Tasks","funder_award_id":"2344505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413380271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413380271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W412460","https://openalex.org/W409045608","https://openalex.org/W2015244008","https://openalex.org/W2040109437","https://openalex.org/W2123797807","https://openalex.org/W2124628131","https://openalex.org/W2129880817","https://openalex.org/W2158972002","https://openalex.org/W2171762108","https://openalex.org/W2241146065","https://openalex.org/W2333782572","https://openalex.org/W2488995481","https://openalex.org/W2794693252","https://openalex.org/W2913829290","https://openalex.org/W2914209329","https://openalex.org/W4221079727","https://openalex.org/W4229987996","https://openalex.org/W4230914898","https://openalex.org/W4233743233","https://openalex.org/W4235366964","https://openalex.org/W4236111678","https://openalex.org/W4236163205","https://openalex.org/W4237054174","https://openalex.org/W4238701792","https://openalex.org/W4241368469","https://openalex.org/W4242096891","https://openalex.org/W4242746603","https://openalex.org/W4244392071","https://openalex.org/W4253795537","https://openalex.org/W4256236061","https://openalex.org/W4302780356","https://openalex.org/W6906767422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759","https://openalex.org/W2005148983","https://openalex.org/W2792081825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GPUs":[0,56,71],"have":[1,36,57],"recently":[2],"been":[3,37],"adopted":[4],"in":[5],"many":[6],"real-time":[7,46,87,162],"embedded":[8,88],"systems.":[9,89],"However,":[10],"existing":[11],"GPU":[12,83,93,150,155],"scheduling":[13,84],"solutions":[14],"are":[15],"mostly":[16],"open-loop":[17],"and":[18,59,63,151],"rely":[19],"on":[20,114,122,136,145],"the":[21,79,92,108,115,166],"estimation":[22],"of":[23,110,118],"worst-case":[24],"execution":[25,168],"time":[26],"(WCET).":[27],"Although":[28],"adaptive":[29],"solutions,":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"feedback":[33],"control":[34],"scheduling,":[35],"previously":[38],"proposed":[39],"to":[40,53,70],"handle":[41],"this":[42,74,123],"challenge":[43],"for":[44,86],"CPU-based":[45],"tasks,":[47,97],"they":[48],"cannot":[49,68],"be":[50],"directly":[51],"applied":[52],"GPU,":[54],"because":[55],"different":[58,119],"more":[60],"complex":[61],"architectures":[62],"so":[64],"schedulable":[65],"utilization":[66],"bounds":[67],"apply":[69],"yet.":[72],"In":[73],"article,":[75],"we":[76,98,125],"propose":[77],"FC-GPU,":[78],"first":[80],"Feedback":[81],"Control":[82],"framework":[85],"To":[90],"model":[91,105],"resource":[94],"contention":[95],"among":[96],"analytically":[99],"derive":[100],"a":[101,127],"multi-input-multi-output":[102],"(MIMO)":[103],"system":[104],"that":[106,130,157],"captures":[107],"impacts":[109],"task":[111,133,167],"rate":[112],"adaptation":[113],"response":[116,138],"times":[117,169],"tasks.":[120],"Building":[121],"model,":[124],"design":[126],"MIMO":[128],"controller":[129],"dynamically":[131],"adjusts":[132],"rates":[134],"based":[135],"measured":[137],"times.":[139],"Our":[140],"extensive":[141],"hardware":[142],"testbed":[143],"results":[144],"an":[146,152],"Nvidia":[147],"RTX":[148],"3090":[149],"AMD":[153],"MI-100":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"FC-GPU":[158],"can":[159],"provide":[160],"better":[161],"performance":[163],"even":[164],"when":[165],"significantly":[170],"increase":[171],"at":[172],"runtime.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
