{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413761354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761796","title":"ProGIP: Protecting Gradient-based Input Perturbation Approaches for OOD Detection From Soft Errors","display_name":"ProGIP: Protecting Gradient-based Input Perturbation Approaches for OOD Detection From Soft Errors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413761354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3761796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761796","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052777008","display_name":"Sumedh Shridhar Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8864-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumedh Shridhar Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8864-7575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102904164","display_name":"Hwisoo So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3496-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096527","display_name":"Kyungpook National University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01kypm263","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwisoo So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department, Kyungpook National University","Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University","School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3496-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department, Kyungpook National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693","https://openalex.org/I4210096527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074200053","display_name":"S C Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soyeong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departmet of Computer Science, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8251-8028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departmet of Computer Science, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107885048","display_name":"W. Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8637-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woobin Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8637-1333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069980139","display_name":"Jinhyo Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhyo Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-1438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082424058","display_name":"Yohan Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-0927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohan Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departmet of Computer Science, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-0927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departmet of Computer Science, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066765700","display_name":"Uiwon Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-2236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uiwon Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-2236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031543156","display_name":"Kyoungwoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-3775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoungwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-3775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044172378","display_name":"Aviral Shrivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aviral Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-897X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11186483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5s","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.6439824104309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48706915974617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2241995632648468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.6439824104309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48706915974617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2241995632648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3761796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3761796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3761796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3761796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1010102630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1299789819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-0-0097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1529969831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165693358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00341794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2257911995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2020-II201361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3201314338","display_name":"ACED: CompAM: Enabling Computational Additive Manufacturing","funder_award_id":"2436016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4775537920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00165225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5275830585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-02304331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6919652826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321365","funder_display_name":"Ewha Womans University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8899733881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2020-II201361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321314","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321365","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413761354.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413761354.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493774699","https://openalex.org/W1995527396","https://openalex.org/W2034593585","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2118033476","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2593390416","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2886321931","https://openalex.org/W2889625178","https://openalex.org/W2901555552","https://openalex.org/W2913707927","https://openalex.org/W2945146780","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2982479999","https://openalex.org/W2983012040","https://openalex.org/W3000371584","https://openalex.org/W3013557831","https://openalex.org/W3034230713","https://openalex.org/W3040266635","https://openalex.org/W3089028909","https://openalex.org/W3105084904","https://openalex.org/W3112790703","https://openalex.org/W3117257709","https://openalex.org/W3129166376","https://openalex.org/W3134332063","https://openalex.org/W3177176579","https://openalex.org/W3186259419","https://openalex.org/W3187862527","https://openalex.org/W4200376271","https://openalex.org/W4220703317","https://openalex.org/W4221079727","https://openalex.org/W4252628440","https://openalex.org/W4280513934","https://openalex.org/W4280628858","https://openalex.org/W4297337482","https://openalex.org/W4379116028","https://openalex.org/W4382318478","https://openalex.org/W4385288900","https://openalex.org/W4399929809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Undetected":[0],"out-of-distribution":[1],"(OOD)":[2],"inputs":[3],"pose":[4],"a":[5,59,161],"significant":[6,36],"threat":[7,37],"to":[8,19,38,105,147],"the":[9,42,50,69],"reliability":[10,189],"of":[11,45,53,71,110,157,165],"deep":[12],"learning":[13],"models,":[14],"as":[15],"they":[16],"may":[17],"lead":[18],"unexpected":[20],"behaviors":[21],"during":[22],"inference.":[23],"Several":[24],"studies":[25],"have":[26],"proposed":[27],"effective":[28],"OOD":[29,54,61,89,180],"input":[30,80],"detection":[31,55,62,181],"methods.":[32,56],"However,":[33],"soft":[34,65,72],"errors\u2014another":[35],"reliability\u2014can":[39],"impact":[40],"both":[41],"classification":[43],"results":[44,169],"neural":[46,75,177],"network":[47,76],"models":[48,77],"and":[49,117,126,152,179],"ID/OOD":[51],"detections":[52],"To":[57],"provide":[58],"resilient":[60],"solution":[63,143],"against":[64,190],"errors,":[66],"we":[67,95],"analyze":[68],"effect":[70],"errors":[73],"on":[74,92,137],"with":[78,160,170],"gradient-based":[79],"perturbation":[81],"(GIP)":[82],"approaches,":[83,112],"which":[84,98],"are":[85],"representative":[86],"methods":[87,182],"for":[88],"detection.":[90],"Building":[91],"our":[93],"analysis,":[94],"propose":[96],"ProGIP,":[97],"incorporates":[99],"two":[100,114,129],"software-level":[101],"range-based":[102],"fault":[103,173],"detectors":[104],"protect":[106],"all":[107],"execution":[108],"phases":[109],"GIP":[111,145],"including":[113],"forward":[115],"passes":[116],"one":[118],"backward":[119],"pass.":[120],"Because":[121],"it":[122],"is":[123,133],"purely":[124],"software\u2011based":[125],"adds":[127],"just":[128],"scalar":[130],"comparisons,":[131],"ProGIP":[132,142],"readily":[134],"deployable":[135],"even":[136],"resource\u2011constrained":[138],"embedded":[139],"platforms.":[140],"Our":[141],"enables":[144],"approaches":[146],"distinguish":[148],"between":[149],"ID,":[150],"OOD,":[151],"fault-affected":[153],"inferences,":[154],"detecting":[155],"97.7%":[156],"critical":[158],"faults":[159],"negligible":[162],"runtime":[163],"overhead":[164],"only":[166],"0.84%.":[167],"Experimental":[168],"2.4":[171],"million":[172],"injections":[174],"across":[175],"various":[176],"networks":[178],"demonstrate":[183],"ProGIP\u2019s":[184],"effectiveness":[185],"in":[186],"ensuring":[187],"comprehensive":[188],"non-malicious":[191],"threats.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
