{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415431136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760544.3764126","title":"Molecule Mixture Detection and Alphabet Design for Non-linear, Cross-reactive Receiver Arrays in MC","display_name":"Molecule Mixture Detection and Alphabet Design for Non-linear, Cross-reactive Receiver Arrays in MC","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415431136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760544.3764126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760544.3764126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760544.3764126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091926842","display_name":"Bastian Heinlein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-7794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bastian Heinlein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-7794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaikai Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0033-6339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaikai Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0033-6339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120093174","display_name":"S\u00fcmeyye Carkit-Yilmaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00fcmeyye Carkit-Yilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8691-5732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035817861","display_name":"Sebastian Lotter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-2733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Lotter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-2733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091533538","display_name":"Helene M. Loos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115674","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02at7zv53","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115674","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helene M. Loos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany","Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9112-5735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075182888","display_name":"Andrea Buettner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115674","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02at7zv53","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115674","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Buettner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany","Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-5125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009213856","display_name":"Yansha Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yansha Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-7036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033990377","display_name":"Robert Schober","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-4884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schober","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-4884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087843323","display_name":"Vahid Jamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-7415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Jamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-7415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091926842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27611452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"15","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.8324000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.5266000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-communication","display_name":"Molecular communication","score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.8324000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.5266000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037278","display_name":"Molecular communication","level":4,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760544.3764126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760544.3764126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/b123a393-6c21-4ccc-b16f-022c829e3845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/b123a393-6c21-4ccc-b16f-022c829e3845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heinlein, B, Zhu, K, Carkit-Yilmaz, S, Lotter, S, Loos, H M, Buettner, A, Deng, Y, Schober, R & Jamali, V 2025, 'Molecule Mixture Detection and Alphabet Design for Non-linear, Cross-reactive Receiver Arrays in MC', Paper presented at 12th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication, NanoCom 2025, Chengdu, China, 23/10/2025 - 25/10/2025 pp. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3760544.3764126","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/503050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/503050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4281694788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"509922606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973151289","https://openalex.org/W1973835845","https://openalex.org/W1984920148","https://openalex.org/W1997012016","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2158362353","https://openalex.org/W2805390901","https://openalex.org/W2896021429","https://openalex.org/W2953549290","https://openalex.org/W3011418058","https://openalex.org/W3118584260","https://openalex.org/W3140954579","https://openalex.org/W4315783762","https://openalex.org/W4319068964","https://openalex.org/W4321599655","https://openalex.org/W4385257805","https://openalex.org/W4387831836","https://openalex.org/W4393057697","https://openalex.org/W4408325166"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air-based":[0],"molecular":[1],"communication":[2,71],"(MC)":[3],"has":[4],"the":[5,11,44,57,87,96,104,132,152,163,167,183],"potential":[6],"to":[7,15,43,177],"be":[8,16],"one":[9],"of":[10,98,147],"first":[12],"MC":[13,58],"systems":[14],"deployed":[17],"in":[18,56],"real-world":[19],"applications,":[20],"enabled":[21],"by":[22],"existing":[23],"sensor":[24,88],"technologies":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,140],"metal-oxide":[28],"semi-conductor":[29],"(MOS)":[30],"sensors.":[31,127],"However,":[32],"commercially":[33],"available":[34],"sensors":[35],"usually":[36],"exhibit":[37],"non-linear":[38],"and":[39,49,111,150,170],"cross-reactive":[40,76],"behavior,":[41],"contrary":[42],"idealizing":[45],"assumptions":[46],"about":[47],"linear":[48],"perfectly":[50],"molecule":[51,69],"type-specific":[52],"sensing":[53],"often":[54],"made":[55],"literature.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"this":[62],"gap,":[63],"we":[64,91],"propose":[65],"a":[66,73],"detector":[67,110,134,169],"for":[68,95,103,123,162,185],"mixture":[70,99],"with":[72],"general":[74],"non-linear,":[75],"receiver":[77],"(RX)":[78],"array":[79],"that":[80,101,117,131,151,158],"performs":[81],"approximate":[82],"maximum":[83],"likelihood":[84],"detection":[85],"on":[86,120],"outputs.":[89],"Additionally,":[90],"introduce":[92],"an":[93],"algorithm":[94,114,155,173],"design":[97,113,154,172],"alphabets":[100],"accounts":[102],"RX":[105,164],"characteristics.":[106,165],"We":[107],"evaluate":[108],"our":[109],"alphabet":[112,153,171],"through":[115],"simulations":[116,129],"are":[118,174],"based":[119],"measurements":[121],"reported":[122],"two":[124],"commercial":[125],"MOS":[126],"Our":[128],"demonstrate":[130],"proposed":[133,168],"achieves":[135],"similar":[136],"symbol":[137],"error":[138],"rates":[139],"data-driven":[141],"methods":[142,157],"without":[143],"requiring":[144],"large":[145],"numbers":[146],"training":[148],"samples":[149],"outperforms":[156],"do":[159],"not":[160],"account":[161],"Since":[166],"also":[175],"applicable":[176],"other":[178],"chemical":[179],"sensors,":[180],"they":[181],"pave":[182],"way":[184],"reliable":[186],"air-based":[187],"MC.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}