{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413169616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760526","title":"Advancements in AI-Generated Content Forensics: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Advancements in AI-Generated Content Forensics: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413169616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013879625","display_name":"Qiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-7036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028135199","display_name":"Wenpeng Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3297-6576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenpeng Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3297-6576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109058060","display_name":"J Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8168-4038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057999830","display_name":"Tanfeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-5136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanfeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-5136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046412453","display_name":"Xinghao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-0579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-0579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84750733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8732931613922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4900549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.45784372091293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.4451107084751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3375817537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.11166331171989441}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8732931613922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4900549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.45784372091293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.4451107084751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3375817537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.11166331171989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8294877182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":154,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967606780","https://openalex.org/W2972811785","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3120504414","https://openalex.org/W3134354193","https://openalex.org/W3154326567","https://openalex.org/W3163596559","https://openalex.org/W3169588269","https://openalex.org/W3197358873","https://openalex.org/W3201773091","https://openalex.org/W3215028386","https://openalex.org/W4226371168","https://openalex.org/W4281632540","https://openalex.org/W4285273243","https://openalex.org/W4292596009","https://openalex.org/W4298635730","https://openalex.org/W4312782746","https://openalex.org/W4312882605","https://openalex.org/W4313888387","https://openalex.org/W4319336387","https://openalex.org/W4319978495","https://openalex.org/W4360930410","https://openalex.org/W4360993864","https://openalex.org/W4361003656","https://openalex.org/W4366667981","https://openalex.org/W4372260253","https://openalex.org/W4372260514","https://openalex.org/W4372338303","https://openalex.org/W4375869371","https://openalex.org/W4375869427","https://openalex.org/W4379806186","https://openalex.org/W4379959055","https://openalex.org/W4381302520","https://openalex.org/W4383533065","https://openalex.org/W4383987670","https://openalex.org/W4385437823","https://openalex.org/W4385570204","https://openalex.org/W4385570537","https://openalex.org/W4385571026","https://openalex.org/W4385572331","https://openalex.org/W4385800847","https://openalex.org/W4385815563","https://openalex.org/W4385822395","https://openalex.org/W4385822981","https://openalex.org/W4385823313","https://openalex.org/W4386075803","https://openalex.org/W4386075856","https://openalex.org/W4386075954","https://openalex.org/W4386246859","https://openalex.org/W4386433181","https://openalex.org/W4386590781","https://openalex.org/W4386783354","https://openalex.org/W4386852102","https://openalex.org/W4386973907","https://openalex.org/W4387323020","https://openalex.org/W4387665622","https://openalex.org/W4387885896","https://openalex.org/W4388153402","https://openalex.org/W4388497846","https://openalex.org/W4388858946","https://openalex.org/W4389104853","https://openalex.org/W4389370799","https://openalex.org/W4389474419","https://openalex.org/W4389519449","https://openalex.org/W4389519587","https://openalex.org/W4389520749","https://openalex.org/W4389523998","https://openalex.org/W4390479001","https://openalex.org/W4390872723","https://openalex.org/W4390873235","https://openalex.org/W4390873372","https://openalex.org/W4391019749","https://openalex.org/W4391563741","https://openalex.org/W4391878097","https://openalex.org/W4392902854","https://openalex.org/W4392903665","https://openalex.org/W4392903999","https://openalex.org/W4393160204","https://openalex.org/W4393160744","https://openalex.org/W4393160839","https://openalex.org/W4394593094","https://openalex.org/W4394593221","https://openalex.org/W4394852487","https://openalex.org/W4394939037","https://openalex.org/W4394984992","https://openalex.org/W4395686273","https://openalex.org/W4396721167","https://openalex.org/W4398788568","https://openalex.org/W4399205244","https://openalex.org/W4399803470","https://openalex.org/W4400504889","https://openalex.org/W4400768137","https://openalex.org/W4400910366","https://openalex.org/W4400975066","https://openalex.org/W4401042671","https://openalex.org/W4401043138","https://openalex.org/W4401043438","https://openalex.org/W4401386967","https://openalex.org/W4402112183","https://openalex.org/W4402351686","https://openalex.org/W4402660144","https://openalex.org/W4402670272","https://openalex.org/W4402670429","https://openalex.org/W4402671579","https://openalex.org/W4402683819","https://openalex.org/W4402684031","https://openalex.org/W4402703048","https://openalex.org/W4402716079","https://openalex.org/W4402716253","https://openalex.org/W4402716358","https://openalex.org/W4402727075","https://openalex.org/W4402727851","https://openalex.org/W4402757348","https://openalex.org/W4402772264","https://openalex.org/W4402774698","https://openalex.org/W4402787418","https://openalex.org/W4402915976","https://openalex.org/W4402915983","https://openalex.org/W4403177297","https://openalex.org/W4403313129","https://openalex.org/W4403577386","https://openalex.org/W4403680773","https://openalex.org/W4403751094","https://openalex.org/W4403780595","https://openalex.org/W4403788856","https://openalex.org/W4403791323","https://openalex.org/W4403791383","https://openalex.org/W4403792090","https://openalex.org/W4403906510","https://openalex.org/W4404122190","https://openalex.org/W4404781439","https://openalex.org/W4404782092","https://openalex.org/W4404784113","https://openalex.org/W4405183026","https://openalex.org/W4405229107","https://openalex.org/W4405596328","https://openalex.org/W4406236959","https://openalex.org/W4406906078","https://openalex.org/W4406939734","https://openalex.org/W4406983030","https://openalex.org/W4407243994","https://openalex.org/W4407385336","https://openalex.org/W4408655707","https://openalex.org/W4409088703","https://openalex.org/W4409274553","https://openalex.org/W4409346531","https://openalex.org/W4409346711","https://openalex.org/W4409368310","https://openalex.org/W4409426434","https://openalex.org/W4409657361","https://openalex.org/W4409704808","https://openalex.org/W4411550022","https://openalex.org/W4412887861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,18,37,41,51,78,117,140,153,178],"AI-Generated":[4],"Content":[5],"(AIGC),":[6],"spanning":[7],"text,":[8],"images,":[9],"video,":[10],"and":[11,21,27,34,60,81,108,122,137,161,171,181,192],"audio,":[12],"has":[13],"created":[14],"a":[15,32,75,174,190],"dual-edged":[16],"sword":[17],"unprecedented":[19],"creativity":[20],"significant":[22],"societal":[23],"risks,":[24],"including":[25],"misinformation":[26],"disinformation.":[28],"This":[29,165],"survey":[30,114,166],"provides":[31],"comprehensive":[33],"structured":[35],"overview":[36],"the":[38,49,89,115,128,132,138,151,179,185],"current":[39],"landscape":[40],"AIGC":[42,194],"detection":[43,67,120],"technologies.":[44],"We":[45,63],"begin":[46],"by":[47,144],"chronicling":[48],"evolution":[50],"generative":[52],"models,":[53],"from":[54,92],"foundational":[55],"GANs":[56],"to":[57,96,168,188],"state-of-the-art":[58,180],"diffusion":[59],"transformer-based":[61],"architectures.":[62],"then":[64],"systematically":[65],"review":[66],"methodologies":[68],"across":[69],"all":[70],"modalities,":[71],"organizing":[72],"them":[73],"into":[74],"novel":[76],"taxonomy":[77],"External":[79],"Detection":[80],"Internal":[82],"Detection.":[83],"For":[84],"each":[85],"modality,":[86],"we":[87,113,126],"trace":[88],"technical":[90],"progression":[91],"early":[93],"feature-based":[94],"methods":[95],"advanced":[97],"deep":[98],"learning,":[99],"while":[100],"also":[101],"covering":[102],"critical":[103,182],"tasks":[104],"like":[105],"model":[106],"attribution":[107],"tampered":[109],"region":[110],"localization.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"ecosystem":[116],"publicly":[118],"available":[119],"tools":[121],"practical":[123],"applications.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"distill":[127],"primary":[129],"challenges":[130],"facing":[131],"field\u2013including":[133],"generalization,":[134],"robustness,":[135],"interpretability,":[136],"lack":[139],"universal":[141],"benchmarks\u2013and":[142],"conclude":[143],"outlining":[145],"key":[146],"future":[147],"directions,":[148],"such":[149],"as":[150],"development":[152],"holistic":[154],"AI":[155],"Safety":[156],"Agents,":[157],"dynamic":[158],"evaluation":[159],"standards,":[160],"AI-driven":[162],"governance":[163],"frameworks.":[164],"aims":[167],"provide":[169],"researchers":[170],"practitioners":[172],"with":[173],"clear,":[175],"in-depth":[176],"understanding":[177],"frontiers":[183],"in":[184],"ongoing":[186],"endeavor":[187],"ensure":[189],"safe":[191],"trustworthy":[193],"ecosystem.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
