{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417242273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760250.3762221","title":"Linear Layouts: Robust Code Generation of Efficient Tensor Computation Using F_2","display_name":"Linear Layouts: Robust Code Generation of Efficient Tensor Computation Using F_2","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417242273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760250.3762221"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760250.3762221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760250.3762221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760250.3762221","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063326523","display_name":"Keren Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-3182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keren Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA and OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-3182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA and OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095829538","display_name":"Mario Lezcano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8893-2276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Lezcano-Casado","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8893-2276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022158374","display_name":"Adam P. Goucher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam P. Goucher","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059507796","display_name":"Akhmed Rakhmati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7309-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhmed Rakhmati","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7309-8321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060975399","display_name":"Jeff Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8035-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8035-3726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119861913","display_name":"Justin Lebar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2376-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Lebar","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2376-7307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119861914","display_name":"Pawel Szczerbuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0203-6610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawel Szczerbuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0203-6610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101955379","display_name":"Peter Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6824-4343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6824-4343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095829540","display_name":"Phil Tillet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0636-8710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phil Tillet","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0636-8710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114628455","display_name":"Thomas Raoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8259-7578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Raoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8259-7578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120773300","display_name":"Zahi Moudallal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6010-5682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahi Moudallal","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6010-5682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063326523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90539846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"132","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.29649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.29649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12303","display_name":"Tensor decomposition and applications","score":0.18160000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2605","display_name":"Computational Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor-algebra","display_name":"Tensor algebra","score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-algebra","display_name":"Linear algebra","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor-calculus","display_name":"Tensor calculus","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor-contraction","display_name":"Tensor contraction","score":0.3781000077724457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1680195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296021","display_name":"Tensor algebra","level":5,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139352143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82571","display_name":"Linear algebra","level":2,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90952326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3650511","display_name":"Tensor calculus","level":4,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124007464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428091","display_name":"Tensor contraction","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51255310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163016","display_name":"Tensor product","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163834973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2004891","display_name":"Numerical linear algebra","level":3,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60321788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197190","display_name":"Multilinear algebra","level":5,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760250.3762221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760250.3762221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3760250.3762221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3760250.3762221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055312318","https://openalex.org/W2954698171","https://openalex.org/W3012366137","https://openalex.org/W3034054982","https://openalex.org/W3122286897","https://openalex.org/W3129831491","https://openalex.org/W3135614902","https://openalex.org/W3156810276","https://openalex.org/W4281932226","https://openalex.org/W4318541647","https://openalex.org/W4327930469","https://openalex.org/W4387321091","https://openalex.org/W4394998532","https://openalex.org/W4412887947"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"tensor":[1,25,51,65,74],"computation":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,44,60,90],"cornerstone":[5],"of":[6,24,38,83],"modern":[7],"deep":[8],"learning":[9],"(DL)":[10],"workloads,":[11],"yet":[12],"existing":[13,113],"approaches":[14],"struggle":[15],"to":[16,49,95],"achieve":[17],"flexible":[18],"and":[19,22,32,41,46,101,121],"performant":[20],"design":[21],"implementation":[23],"layouts":[26,66,75,118,142],"--":[27,100],"mappings":[28],"between":[29],"logical":[30],"tensors":[31],"hardware":[33,42,85],"resources.":[34],"The":[35],"increasing":[36],"complexity":[37],"DL":[39],"algorithms":[40],"demands":[43],"generic":[45,91,104],"systematic":[47],"approach":[48,62,88,99],"handling":[50],"layouts.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56],"introduce":[57],"Linear":[58],"Layouts,":[59],"novel":[61],"that":[63,111,140],"models":[64],"using":[67],"linear":[68,117,141],"algebra":[69],"over":[70],"F2.":[71],"By":[72],"representing":[73],"as":[76,130,132],"binary":[77],"matrices":[78],"acting":[79],"on":[80],"the":[81,84,96,108,147],"bits":[82],"representation,":[86],"our":[87],"enables":[89],"layout":[92,157],"definition\u2014as":[93],"opposed":[94],"classical":[97],"case-by-case":[98],"allows":[102],"for":[103],"layout-to-layout":[105],"conversions,":[106],"eliminating":[107],"quadratic":[109],"explosion":[110],"plagues":[112],"solutions.":[114],"We":[115,137],"integrate":[116],"with":[119],"Triton":[120,128],"demonstrate":[122],"their":[123],"effectiveness":[124],"in":[125,135,146,154],"optimizing":[126],"individual":[127],"operators":[129],"well":[131],"kernels":[133],"written":[134],"Triton.":[136],"also":[138],"show":[139],"reduce":[143],"engineering":[144],"effort":[145],"compiler":[148],"backend":[149],"while":[150],"fixing":[151],"several":[152],"bugs":[153],"Triton's":[155],"legacy":[156],"system.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-12T23:16:27.785689","created_date":"2025-12-11T00:00:00"}