{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412841318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757734","title":"A Comprehensive Review on Lightweight Cryptographic Mechanisms for Industrial Internet of Things Systems","display_name":"A Comprehensive Review on Lightweight Cryptographic Mechanisms for Industrial Internet of Things Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412841318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757734","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3757734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3757734","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035380639","display_name":"Saad Mujahid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-6417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra","CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-6417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pedro Afonso Ferreira Lopes martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1845-8798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Afonso Ferreira Lopes martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra","CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1845-8798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056294332","display_name":"Bruno Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-5790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra","CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-5790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatic Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012113676","display_name":"Vasco Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4225-9075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasco Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISUC, Department of Computer Science, Universidade de Coimbra","CISUC, Department of Computer Science, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4225-9075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Computer Science, Universidade de Coimbra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Computer Science, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8863,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94863657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8794585466384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6243691444396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6148891448974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-internet","display_name":"Industrial Internet","score":0.5417904853820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5377514362335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4743470251560211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.4442421793937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.3585361838340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32735997438430786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8794585466384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6243691444396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6148891448974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202839342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740481","display_name":"Industrial Internet","level":3,"score":0.5417904853820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5377514362335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4743470251560211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.4442421793937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.3585361838340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32735997438430786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757734","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3757734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757734","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3757734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3416529046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDP/00326/2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G441428359","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/00326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4811366021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4893179129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/00326/2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7892808162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"02/C05-i01/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412841318.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412841318.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121489038","https://openalex.org/W603465109","https://openalex.org/W656142991","https://openalex.org/W1498079171","https://openalex.org/W1511842436","https://openalex.org/W1575062508","https://openalex.org/W1582824174","https://openalex.org/W1600415638","https://openalex.org/W1893322863","https://openalex.org/W1942692615","https://openalex.org/W1967235554","https://openalex.org/W1968514873","https://openalex.org/W1984765128","https://openalex.org/W1988013661","https://openalex.org/W1988694859","https://openalex.org/W1991897749","https://openalex.org/W2001699153","https://openalex.org/W2004715563","https://openalex.org/W2005501262","https://openalex.org/W2008905509","https://openalex.org/W2014500840","https://openalex.org/W2015449184","https://openalex.org/W2025255838","https://openalex.org/W2048571760","https://openalex.org/W2057117247","https://openalex.org/W2062997882","https://openalex.org/W2063210193","https://openalex.org/W2067040124","https://openalex.org/W2068590323","https://openalex.org/W2078553675","https://openalex.org/W2103309607","https://openalex.org/W2126787366","https://openalex.org/W2153946919","https://openalex.org/W2160632162","https://openalex.org/W2165883295","https://openalex.org/W2170960580","https://openalex.org/W2187816007","https://openalex.org/W2211672254","https://openalex.org/W2281317404","https://openalex.org/W2300248067","https://openalex.org/W2514658191","https://openalex.org/W2546514929","https://openalex.org/W2606231755","https://openalex.org/W2610964475","https://openalex.org/W2765606838","https://openalex.org/W2768152971","https://openalex.org/W2770615007","https://openalex.org/W2798089142","https://openalex.org/W2801031775","https://openalex.org/W2806625176","https://openalex.org/W2891171053","https://openalex.org/W2893210661","https://openalex.org/W2902954835","https://openalex.org/W2979218206","https://openalex.org/W2981277131","https://openalex.org/W2988698142","https://openalex.org/W2999670404","https://openalex.org/W3026248346","https://openalex.org/W3031494121","https://openalex.org/W3047294114","https://openalex.org/W3091726562","https://openalex.org/W3093835125","https://openalex.org/W3096033756","https://openalex.org/W3098702584","https://openalex.org/W3109885655","https://openalex.org/W3119961190","https://openalex.org/W3120779539","https://openalex.org/W3127883531","https://openalex.org/W3135916998","https://openalex.org/W3148977311","https://openalex.org/W3159536527","https://openalex.org/W3166831260","https://openalex.org/W3179206707","https://openalex.org/W3180320813","https://openalex.org/W3192414357","https://openalex.org/W3215994486","https://openalex.org/W4205201563","https://openalex.org/W4233393384","https://openalex.org/W4251810237","https://openalex.org/W4255560409","https://openalex.org/W4361791078","https://openalex.org/W4362686693","https://openalex.org/W4365452968","https://openalex.org/W4381167054","https://openalex.org/W4386844063","https://openalex.org/W4387215792","https://openalex.org/W4388667640","https://openalex.org/W4391092635","https://openalex.org/W4391352088","https://openalex.org/W4394565174","https://openalex.org/W4396214384","https://openalex.org/W4403332583","https://openalex.org/W4404067993","https://openalex.org/W4404292907","https://openalex.org/W4406086875","https://openalex.org/W4408310766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3212933010","https://openalex.org/W4411395912","https://openalex.org/W2904818008","https://openalex.org/W2904314268","https://openalex.org/W1982325601","https://openalex.org/W4240432851","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W1988007309","https://openalex.org/W154233216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105],"integration":[1],"of":[2,5,24,89,119],"Industrial":[3,10],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IIoT)":[7],"devices":[8],"within":[9],"Control":[11],"Systems":[12],"(ICS)":[13],"presents":[14],"significant":[15],"cybersecurity":[16],"challenges,":[17],"primarily":[18],"due":[19,36],"to":[20,37,163],"the":[21,84,116],"limited":[22],"resources":[23],"these":[25,90],"devices.":[26],"Traditional":[27],"cryptographic":[28,66,150],"algorithms":[29,91],"are":[30,103],"often":[31],"unsuitable":[32],"for":[33,57,126,147,157],"IIoT":[34,80,166],"environments":[35],"their":[38,75,133],"high":[39],"computational,":[40],"memory,":[41],"and":[42,52,70,73,87,101,121,144,160],"energy":[43],"requirements.":[44],"Lightweight":[45],"Cryptographic":[46],"Algorithms":[47],"have":[48],"emerged":[49],"as":[50,115],"efficient":[51],"secure":[53,165],"alternatives,":[54],"specifically":[55,68],"designed":[56],"resource-constrained":[58],"environments.":[59,137],"This":[60],"article":[61,106],"systematically":[62],"reviews":[63],"lightweight":[64,149],"symmetric":[65],"mechanisms,":[67],"Block":[69],"Stream":[71],"ciphers,":[72],"evaluates":[74],"critical":[76],"attributes":[77],"from":[78],"an":[79],"perspective.":[81],"In":[82],"addition,":[83],"security":[85,151,158],"strengths":[86],"vulnerabilities":[88],"against":[92],"known":[93],"cryptanalytic":[94],"attacks,":[95],"including":[96],"Differential,":[97],"Linear,":[98],"Related":[99],"Key,":[100],"others,":[102],"discussed.":[104],"also":[107],"discusses":[108],"current":[109],"standardization":[110],"efforts":[111],"by":[112],"organizations":[113],"such":[114],"National":[117],"Institute":[118],"Standards":[120],"Technology":[122],"(NIST),":[123],"International":[124],"Organization":[125],"Standardisation":[127],"(ISO)/International":[128],"Electro-technical":[129],"Commission":[130],"(IEC),":[131],"highlighting":[132],"applicability":[134],"in":[135,152],"ICS":[136],"Finally,":[138],"it":[139],"identifies":[140],"open":[141],"research":[142],"issues":[143],"future":[145],"directions":[146],"improving":[148],"ICS,":[153],"providing":[154],"valuable":[155],"insights":[156],"practitioners":[159],"researchers":[161],"seeking":[162],"robustly":[164],"deployments.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}