{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414593552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757612","title":"Immersive Invaders: Privacy Threats from Deceptive Design in Virtual Reality Games and Applications","display_name":"Immersive Invaders: Privacy Threats from Deceptive Design in Virtual Reality Games and Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414593552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059981371","display_name":"Hilda Hadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hilda Hadan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095933780","display_name":"Michaela Valiquette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5335-3014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michaela Valiquette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Computer Interaction, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Computer Interaction, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045627721","display_name":"Lennart E. Nacke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4290-8829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lennart E. Nacke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084389654","display_name":"Leah Zhang-Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-0022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah Zhang-Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059981371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38568592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"7","first_page":"1","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6517000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-software","display_name":"Privacy software","score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-by-design","display_name":"Privacy by Design","score":0.3763999938964844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6517000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6295999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6234999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5770999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193934123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246028","display_name":"Privacy by Design","level":3,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019565508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444835","display_name":"Virtual world","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102132729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660060","display_name":"Immersive technology","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33276779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943363","display_name":"Design elements and principles","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.09916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09916","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72496981","https://openalex.org/W112537198","https://openalex.org/W571849390","https://openalex.org/W1545525778","https://openalex.org/W1969928573","https://openalex.org/W1987955442","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2033811191","https://openalex.org/W2069636936","https://openalex.org/W2157582551","https://openalex.org/W2165618299","https://openalex.org/W2171263140","https://openalex.org/W2497080131","https://openalex.org/W2504733833","https://openalex.org/W2614866158","https://openalex.org/W2744486576","https://openalex.org/W2781607026","https://openalex.org/W2790531415","https://openalex.org/W2795529671","https://openalex.org/W2798488540","https://openalex.org/W2798913148","https://openalex.org/W2809718956","https://openalex.org/W2922606622","https://openalex.org/W2941915966","https://openalex.org/W2942094826","https://openalex.org/W2948124399","https://openalex.org/W2948876638","https://openalex.org/W2957535580","https://openalex.org/W2962510585","https://openalex.org/W2963070937","https://openalex.org/W2982032772","https://openalex.org/W2996831414","https://openalex.org/W3000190958","https://openalex.org/W3023695158","https://openalex.org/W3029354052","https://openalex.org/W3030993165","https://openalex.org/W3040472729","https://openalex.org/W3088448965","https://openalex.org/W3092961702","https://openalex.org/W3094784499","https://openalex.org/W3097951175","https://openalex.org/W3106386337","https://openalex.org/W3116930546","https://openalex.org/W3126156492","https://openalex.org/W3137759237","https://openalex.org/W3153811781","https://openalex.org/W3159098168","https://openalex.org/W3161670349","https://openalex.org/W3163715631","https://openalex.org/W3163789048","https://openalex.org/W3173730228","https://openalex.org/W3195511266","https://openalex.org/W3205400134","https://openalex.org/W3207575344","https://openalex.org/W3207851847","https://openalex.org/W3208693143","https://openalex.org/W3211111058","https://openalex.org/W3213943738","https://openalex.org/W3214522776","https://openalex.org/W4206115915","https://openalex.org/W4206301500","https://openalex.org/W4224997456","https://openalex.org/W4225011183","https://openalex.org/W4225106829","https://openalex.org/W4225133369","https://openalex.org/W4242994815","https://openalex.org/W4288075917","https://openalex.org/W4288086176","https://openalex.org/W4288728093","https://openalex.org/W4296785191","https://openalex.org/W4297156538","https://openalex.org/W4299998071","https://openalex.org/W4307346294","https://openalex.org/W4307559061","https://openalex.org/W4307853476","https://openalex.org/W4323030128","https://openalex.org/W4362679484","https://openalex.org/W4366547483","https://openalex.org/W4366549477","https://openalex.org/W4377865281","https://openalex.org/W4385522451","https://openalex.org/W4385522731","https://openalex.org/W4387332594","https://openalex.org/W4387332669","https://openalex.org/W4389584479","https://openalex.org/W4394880928","https://openalex.org/W4395012830","https://openalex.org/W4396232210","https://openalex.org/W4396832378","https://openalex.org/W4396832557","https://openalex.org/W4396832782","https://openalex.org/W4396832848","https://openalex.org/W4400151745","https://openalex.org/W4400592546","https://openalex.org/W4403308109","https://openalex.org/W4403423065","https://openalex.org/W4403710198","https://openalex.org/W4414613756"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"Reality":[1],"(VR)":[2],"technologies":[3],"offer":[4,121],"immersive":[5,129],"experiences":[6,130],"but":[7],"collect":[8],"substantial":[9],"user":[10,33],"data.":[11],"While":[12],"deceptive":[13,38,70],"design":[14,111,126],"is":[15,21],"well-studied":[16],"in":[17,26,40,116,143],"2D":[18,74],"platforms,":[19],"little":[20],"known":[22],"about":[23],"its":[24,30],"manifestation":[25],"VR":[27,49,117,125,144],"environments":[28],"and":[29,43,51,59,88,96,103,113,138],"impact":[31],"on":[32,73],"privacy.":[34],"This":[35],"research":[36],"investigates":[37],"designs":[39,71],"privacy":[41,63,94,105,118,133,142],"communication":[42],"interaction":[44],"mechanisms":[45],"of":[46,56,62],"12":[47],"top-rated":[48],"games":[50],"applications":[52,58],"through":[53],"autoethnographic":[54],"evaluation":[55],"the":[57],"thematic":[60],"analysis":[61],"policies.":[64,119],"We":[65,107,120],"found":[66],"that":[67,127],"while":[68,79],"many":[69],"rely":[72],"interfaces,":[75],"some":[76],"VR-unique":[77],"features,":[78],"not":[80],"directly":[81],"enabling":[82],"deception,":[83],"amplified":[84],"data":[85,91],"disclosure":[86],"behaviors,":[87],"obscured":[89],"actual":[90],"practices.":[92],"Convoluted":[93],"policies":[95],"manipulative":[97],"consent":[98],"practices":[99],"further":[100],"hinder":[101],"comprehension":[102],"increase":[104],"risks.":[106],"also":[108],"observed":[109],"privacy-preserving":[110],"strategies":[112],"protective":[114],"considerations":[115],"recommendations":[122],"for":[123],"ethical":[124],"balance":[128],"with":[131],"strong":[132],"protections,":[134],"guiding":[135],"researchers,":[136],"designers,":[137],"policymakers":[139],"to":[140],"improve":[141],"environments.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
