{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134816898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757279.3785542","title":"Unlocking Emotions: The Impact of Robot Question-Asking and Reciprocal Sharing on Self-Disclosure during Emotion Learning","display_name":"Unlocking Emotions: The Impact of Robot Question-Asking and Reciprocal Sharing on Self-Disclosure during Emotion Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134816898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757279.3785542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757279.3785542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757279.3785542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/484462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030929461","display_name":"Joana Brito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-6142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana Brito","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-6142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009613820","display_name":"Anouk Neerincx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2860-4776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anouk Neerincx","raw_affiliation_strings":["HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2860-4776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101496064","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Soares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-4370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","display_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/014837179","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Soares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iscte-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-4370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iscte-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128637297","display_name":"Haohua Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haohua Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2676-120X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049603347","display_name":"Ana Teresa Antunes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Teresa Antunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0512-3062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128661135","display_name":"Ana Paiva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Paiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-5188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126904545","display_name":"Maartje M.A. de Graaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maartje M.A. de Graaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-552X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028921729","display_name":"Joana Campos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-2211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana Campos","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-2211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"316","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.8334000110626221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.8334000110626221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.04989999905228615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal","display_name":"Reciprocal","score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.3021000027656555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3757279.3785542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3757279.3785542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/484462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/484462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/484462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/484462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5009153485298157}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191410000","https://openalex.org/W862028826","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1769013118","https://openalex.org/W1965609069","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1986836386","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2037040816","https://openalex.org/W2042003395","https://openalex.org/W2065507886","https://openalex.org/W2075818645","https://openalex.org/W2095622232","https://openalex.org/W2096504681","https://openalex.org/W2122267749","https://openalex.org/W2150232811","https://openalex.org/W2232317411","https://openalex.org/W2591879801","https://openalex.org/W2736270522","https://openalex.org/W2756259222","https://openalex.org/W2808512042","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2913953952","https://openalex.org/W2917835310","https://openalex.org/W2941723838","https://openalex.org/W2946085209","https://openalex.org/W2960876827","https://openalex.org/W2964605015","https://openalex.org/W3001362559","https://openalex.org/W3048560297","https://openalex.org/W3114635007","https://openalex.org/W3114642140","https://openalex.org/W3147459165","https://openalex.org/W3153405710","https://openalex.org/W3157600114","https://openalex.org/W3174537871","https://openalex.org/W4200034323","https://openalex.org/W4234798624","https://openalex.org/W4256261113","https://openalex.org/W4281713114","https://openalex.org/W4313814017","https://openalex.org/W4323659710","https://openalex.org/W4380368958","https://openalex.org/W4380479539","https://openalex.org/W4386308710","https://openalex.org/W4388624089","https://openalex.org/W4396832120","https://openalex.org/W4402641794","https://openalex.org/W4408139846"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"robots":[1,133],"can":[2],"support":[3],"children\u2019s":[4],"emotional":[5,14,30,61,84,136],"skills":[6,12,137],"development":[7],"through":[8,63],"playful":[9],"interactions,":[10],"yet":[11],"like":[13],"self-disclosure":[15,31,62,85],"remain":[16],"underexplored.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"investigates":[20],"the":[21,57,73,79,110,129,142],"impact":[22],"of":[23,131,144],"a":[24,41,53,69],"social":[25,132],"robot":[26,58,74,111],"designed":[27],"to":[28,68,134],"encourage":[29],"during":[32],"an":[33],"emotion-identification":[34],"game":[35],"with":[36,44],"children":[37,107,139],"aged":[38],"6-10.":[39],"In":[40],"between-subjects":[42],"design":[43,143],"28":[45],"participants":[46],"across":[47],"two":[48],"local":[49],"schools,":[50],"we":[51],"compared":[52],"Reflective":[54,80],"condition,":[55,71],"where":[56,72],"actively":[59],"encouraged":[60],"question-asking":[64,97],"and":[65,88,140],"reciprocal":[66,102],"sharing,":[67],"Control":[70],"did":[75],"not.":[76],"Children":[77],"in":[78,83,94,138],"condition":[81],"engaged":[82],"when":[86],"prompted,":[87],"showed":[89],"higher":[90],"engagement":[91],"than":[92,101],"those":[93,117],"Control.":[95],"Direct":[96],"was":[98],"more":[99,122],"effective":[100],"self-disclosure.":[103],"Results":[104],"suggested":[105],"that":[106],"who":[108,118],"perceived":[109],"as":[112,121],"kinder":[113],"disclosed":[114,124],"more,":[115],"whereas":[116],"viewed":[119],"it":[120],"real":[123],"less.":[125],"These":[126],"findings":[127],"highlight":[128],"potential":[130],"foster":[135],"inform":[141],"future":[145],"child-robot":[146],"interaction":[147],"research.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}