{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417025422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3766022","title":"Joining the Circle: Human Entry Behavior in a Mixed Reality F-Formation with Agent, Avatar, and Human Partners","display_name":"Joining the Circle: Human Entry Behavior in a Mixed Reality F-Formation with Agent, Avatar, and Human Partners","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417025422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3766022"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756884.3766022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3766022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060162553","display_name":"Junyeong Kum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyeong Kum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021704002","display_name":"Sunghun Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0987-7190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghun Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044723411","display_name":"Hyeongil Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-8869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeongil Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022774858","display_name":"Kangsoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangsoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044092519","display_name":"Myungho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-6484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myungho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060162553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91748907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.2976999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.2976999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.2727999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.7925000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-relationship","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-reality","display_name":"Mixed reality","score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-relation","display_name":"Social relation","score":0.4221999943256378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.7925000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172656115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142613","display_name":"Social distance","level":5,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150303390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983852","display_name":"Virtual actor","level":3,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170334801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Proxemics","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190835381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Personal space","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992801459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal interaction","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67469775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304922","display_name":"Social dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9719361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928967","display_name":"Vignette","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987946170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relationship","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780342009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387795","display_name":"Perspective-taking","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756884.3766022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3766022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505713416","https://openalex.org/W1528096490","https://openalex.org/W1600099874","https://openalex.org/W1964044925","https://openalex.org/W2010236945","https://openalex.org/W2070889514","https://openalex.org/W2081509522","https://openalex.org/W2084235337","https://openalex.org/W2106968553","https://openalex.org/W2119721919","https://openalex.org/W2123834143","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2129162329","https://openalex.org/W2144295932","https://openalex.org/W2182814045","https://openalex.org/W2223048051","https://openalex.org/W2292220267","https://openalex.org/W2315306469","https://openalex.org/W2382313238","https://openalex.org/W2490014606","https://openalex.org/W2537434125","https://openalex.org/W2754675567","https://openalex.org/W2793194002","https://openalex.org/W2888811754","https://openalex.org/W2890177301","https://openalex.org/W2901486027","https://openalex.org/W2944941530","https://openalex.org/W2969744966","https://openalex.org/W3033968152","https://openalex.org/W3082548910","https://openalex.org/W3169818223","https://openalex.org/W3202201144","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4396833746","https://openalex.org/W4403407252","https://openalex.org/W4406265600","https://openalex.org/W4410297515"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,101,153,162],"Hall\u2019s":[2],"theory,":[3],"the":[4,122,126,131,134,146,159,163,171],"space":[5],"individuals":[6],"maintain":[7,154],"between":[8,28],"one":[9],"another":[10],"depends":[11],"on":[12,39],"relational":[13],"closeness":[14],"and":[15,30,89,107,113,133,177],"situational":[16],"context.":[17],"Prior":[18],"research":[19],"suggests":[20],"that":[21,119],"interpersonal":[22],"distance":[23,157],"(IPD)":[24],"varies":[25],"not":[26],"only":[27],"virtual":[29,36],"real":[31,91,127,147],"humans,":[32],"but":[33],"also":[34],"among":[35,140],"humans":[37],"depending":[38],"their":[40,105],"perceived":[41],"agency.":[42],"However,":[43],"little":[44],"is":[45],"known":[46],"about":[47],"how":[48,96],"people":[49],"spatially":[50],"negotiate":[51],"entry":[52,72,114],"into":[53],"mixed":[54],"groups":[55],"comprising":[56],"different":[57],"types":[58],"of":[59,81,111,173],"agents":[60],"in":[61,109,182],"extended":[62],"reality":[63],"(XR)":[64],"settings.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"study,":[68],"we":[69,94],"examine":[70],"participants\u2019":[71],"behavior":[73],"as":[74],"they":[75],"join":[76],"a":[77,90,155],"circular":[78],"F-formation":[79],"composed":[80],"three":[82,142],"distinct":[83],"entities:":[84],"an":[85,87],"agent,":[86,135],"avatar,":[88],"human.":[92],"Specifically,":[93],"investigate":[95],"participants":[97,120,151],"position":[98],"themselves":[99],"relative":[100],"each":[102],"entity,":[103],"analyzing":[104],"preferences":[106],"behaviors":[108],"terms":[110],"IPD":[112,124],"dynamics.":[115],"Our":[116],"findings":[117],"reveal":[118],"maintained":[121],"greatest":[123],"from":[125,158],"human,":[128],"followed":[129],"by":[130],"avatar":[132,160],"suggesting":[136],"nuanced":[137],"social":[138,180],"distinctions":[139],"these":[141],"entities.":[143],"Furthermore,":[144],"when":[145],"human":[148],"was":[149],"absent,":[150],"tended":[152],"greater":[156],"compared":[161],"agent.":[164],"These":[165],"results":[166],"offer":[167],"valuable":[168],"insights":[169],"for":[170,178],"design":[172],"XR":[174],"collaboration":[175],"environments":[176],"understanding":[179],"dynamics":[181],"multi-agent":[183],"interactions.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}