{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417025482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3765991","title":"A Silent Negotiator? Cross-cultural VR Evaluation of Smart Pole Interaction Units in Dynamic Shared Spaces","display_name":"A Silent Negotiator? Cross-cultural VR Evaluation of Smart Pole Interaction Units in Dynamic Shared Spaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417025482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3765991"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756884.3765991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3765991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3765991","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107288841","display_name":"Vishal Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4901-9917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vishal Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101974500","display_name":"Anubhav Anubhav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-6119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anubhav Anubhav","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032241949","display_name":"Robin Sidhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5116-524X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Sidhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjovik, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjovik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092799253","display_name":"Yu Asabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2509-6710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Asabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115591337","display_name":"K. Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0890-2859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanta Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101709988","display_name":"Chia-Ming Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-6361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29365675","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/00wy14q17","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29365675"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Ming Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Arts, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Arts, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29365675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051802135","display_name":"Xiang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080705403","display_name":"Ehsan Javanmardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-115X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Javanmardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743150","display_name":"Takeo Igarashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-6441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeo Igarashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057553089","display_name":"Alex Orsholits","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-8753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Orsholits","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065197780","display_name":"Kantaro Fujiwara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-7837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kantaro Fujiwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067716610","display_name":"Manabu Tsukada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-3939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Tsukada","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107288841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91752203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.65829998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.65829998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.1446000039577484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-relation","display_name":"Social relation","score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-modeling","display_name":"Behavioral modeling","score":0.30630001425743103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78639753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318160","display_name":"Behavioral modeling","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756884.3765991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3765991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756884.3765991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756884.3765991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528064435","https://openalex.org/W2019311180","https://openalex.org/W2122570643","https://openalex.org/W2134245553","https://openalex.org/W2548968337","https://openalex.org/W2608251392","https://openalex.org/W2611440625","https://openalex.org/W2890784199","https://openalex.org/W2891692369","https://openalex.org/W2896263768","https://openalex.org/W2922896969","https://openalex.org/W2965237466","https://openalex.org/W2968081142","https://openalex.org/W2978875798","https://openalex.org/W2981580660","https://openalex.org/W2984792657","https://openalex.org/W2999042988","https://openalex.org/W3005761190","https://openalex.org/W3011609043","https://openalex.org/W3047614479","https://openalex.org/W3088494933","https://openalex.org/W3096079399","https://openalex.org/W3097853095","https://openalex.org/W3109397145","https://openalex.org/W3161212856","https://openalex.org/W3161564063","https://openalex.org/W3199626032","https://openalex.org/W3208186180","https://openalex.org/W3208651007","https://openalex.org/W4200107008","https://openalex.org/W4280651171","https://openalex.org/W4293707447","https://openalex.org/W4296306250","https://openalex.org/W4296306278","https://openalex.org/W4309505610","https://openalex.org/W4316672856","https://openalex.org/W4362737009","https://openalex.org/W4368377310","https://openalex.org/W4377220080","https://openalex.org/W4386415974","https://openalex.org/W4386459945","https://openalex.org/W4386709053","https://openalex.org/W4387446458","https://openalex.org/W4387540369","https://openalex.org/W4388027394","https://openalex.org/W4392736666","https://openalex.org/W4399169205","https://openalex.org/W4400443478","https://openalex.org/W4401326737","https://openalex.org/W4401426688","https://openalex.org/W4402350077","https://openalex.org/W4402575824","https://openalex.org/W4402575903","https://openalex.org/W4402722182","https://openalex.org/W4402891795","https://openalex.org/W4403918508","https://openalex.org/W4406569402","https://openalex.org/W4406848280"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"autonomous":[1,72],"vehicles":[2,51],"(AVs)":[3],"enter":[4],"pedestrian-centric":[5],"environments,":[6],"existing":[7],"vehicle-mounted":[8],"external":[9],"human\u2013machine":[10],"interfaces":[11],"(eHMIs)":[12],"often":[13],"fall":[14],"short":[15],"in":[16,65,83,87,93,136],"shared":[17],"spaces":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,126,158],"line-of-sight":[21],"limitations,":[22],"inconsistent":[23],"signaling,":[24],"and":[25,52,76,85,100,106,132,149,161,170],"increased":[26],"decision":[27],"latency":[28],"on":[29,130],"pedestrians.":[30],"To":[31],"address":[32],"these":[33],"challenges,":[34],"we":[35],"introduce":[36],"the":[37],"Smart":[38],"Pole":[39],"Interaction":[40],"Unit":[41],"(SPIU),":[42],"an":[43],"infrastructure-based":[44,165],"eHMI":[45,166],"that":[46,115],"decouples":[47],"intent":[48],"signaling":[49],"from":[50,124],"provides":[53],"context-aware,":[54],"elevated":[55],"visual":[56],"cues.":[57],"We":[58,152],"evaluate":[59],"SPIU":[60,116],"using":[61],"immersive":[62,171],"VR-AWSIM":[63],"simulations":[64],"four":[66],"high-risk":[67],"urban":[68,148],"scenarios:":[69],"four-way":[70],"intersections,":[71],"mixed":[73],"traffic,":[74],"blindspots,":[75],"nighttime":[77],"crosswalks.":[78],"The":[79],"experiment":[80],"was":[81],"developed":[82],"Japan":[84],"replicated":[86],"Norway,":[88],"where":[89],"forty":[90],"participants":[91],"engaged":[92],"32":[94],"trials":[95],"each":[96],"under":[97],"both":[98],"SPIU-present":[99],"SPIU-absent":[101],"conditions.":[102],"Behavioral":[103],"(response":[104],"time)":[105],"subjective":[107],"(acceptance":[108],"scale)":[109],"data":[110],"were":[111],"collected.":[112],"Results":[113],"show":[114],"significantly":[117],"improves":[118],"pedestrian":[119],"decision-making,":[120],"with":[121],"reductions":[122],"ranging":[123],"40%":[125],"over":[127],"80%":[128],"depending":[129],"scenario":[131],"cultural":[133],"context,":[134],"particularly":[135],"complex":[137],"or":[138],"low-visibility":[139],"scenarios.":[140],"Cross-cultural":[141],"analyses":[142],"highlight":[143],"SPIU\u2019s":[144],"adaptability":[145],"across":[146],"differing":[147],"social":[150],"contexts.":[151],"release":[153],"our":[154],"open-source":[155],"Smartpole-VR-AWSIM":[156],"framework":[157],"support":[159],"reproducibility":[160],"global":[162],"advancement":[163],"of":[164],"research":[167],"through":[168],"reproducible":[169],"behavioral":[172],"studies.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}