{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117122399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756681.3756984","title":"How Well Do Large Language Models Serve as End-to-End Secure Code Agents for Python?","display_name":"How Well Do Large Language Models Serve as End-to-End Secure Code Agents for Python?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117122399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756681.3756984"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756681.3756984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756681.3756984","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756681.3756984","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114237571","display_name":"Jianian Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianian Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107672029","display_name":"Nachuan Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nachuan Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121180271","display_name":"Ziheng Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121151694","display_name":"Zhaohui Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070562830","display_name":"Yuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-2240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058504936","display_name":"Minlie Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minlie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114237571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75746089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1004","last_page":"1013"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.21950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.21950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.08129999786615372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.07159999758005142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.36419999599456787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780366209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170200","display_name":"Core model","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77109596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Application security","level":5,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756681.3756984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756681.3756984","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3756681.3756984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3756681.3756984","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288057765","https://openalex.org/W4308627645","https://openalex.org/W4378942602","https://openalex.org/W4385187421","https://openalex.org/W4385562549","https://openalex.org/W4386982649","https://openalex.org/W4388212383","https://openalex.org/W4392544408","https://openalex.org/W4393108609","https://openalex.org/W4393208022","https://openalex.org/W4397014531","https://openalex.org/W4402264467"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,15,24,80,100],"large":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6,20],"(LLMs)":[7],"such":[8,65],"as":[9],"GPT-4":[10],"has":[11],"revolutionized":[12],"the":[13,22,78,98],"landscape":[14],"software":[16],"engineering,":[17],"positioning":[18],"these":[19],"at":[21],"core":[23],"modern":[25],"development":[26],"practices.":[27],"To":[28],"fully":[29],"realize":[30],"their":[31,52,87,101],"potential":[32],"in":[33,51,63],"producing":[34],"secure":[35],"source":[36,84],"code":[37,44],"autonomously,":[38],"LLMs":[39,81],"must":[40],"not":[41],"only":[42],"generate":[43,83],"but":[45],"also":[46],"identify":[47],"and":[48,92],"repair":[49],"vulnerabilities":[50],"outputs,":[53],"thereby":[54],"improving":[55],"security":[56,99],"iteratively.":[57],"Despite":[58],"growing":[59],"prominence,":[60],"LLMs\u2019":[61],"effectiveness":[62],"performing":[64],"end-to-end":[66],"tasks":[67],"remains":[68],"unexplored.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"bridges":[72],"this":[73],"gap":[74],"by":[75],"systematically":[76],"investigating":[77],"capability":[79],"to":[82,96],"code,":[85],"evaluate":[86],"own":[88],"outputs":[89],"for":[90],"vulnerabilities,":[91],"apply":[93],"necessary":[94],"repairs":[95],"improve":[97],"self-generated":[102],"code.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}