{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412700512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3754455","title":"Firmware Secure Updates Meet Formal Verification","display_name":"Firmware Secure Updates Meet Formal Verification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412700512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3754455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3754455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3754455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506189754","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2378-962X","issn":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3754455","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055982477","display_name":"Alberto Tacchella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-3293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Tacchella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-3293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117556265","display_name":"Emanuele Beozzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Beozzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0317-0725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076845058","display_name":"Bruno Crispo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Crispo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-8465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055975794","display_name":"Marco Roveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-3940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Roveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-3940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055982477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87797594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.8528699278831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7142133712768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.413994163274765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41197627782821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.34172582626342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3328641653060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32382702827453613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8528699278831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7142133712768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.413994163274765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41197627782821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.34172582626342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3328641653060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32382702827453613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3754455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3754455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506189754","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2378-962X","issn":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/463775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3754455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/463775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3754455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592639539","https://openalex.org/W1978174042","https://openalex.org/W2002816392","https://openalex.org/W2028104839","https://openalex.org/W2031525781","https://openalex.org/W2040856861","https://openalex.org/W2101512909","https://openalex.org/W2114016378","https://openalex.org/W2117189826","https://openalex.org/W2528851540","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2787467369","https://openalex.org/W2883374116","https://openalex.org/W2943102893","https://openalex.org/W2947506247","https://openalex.org/W2951658790","https://openalex.org/W2982540289","https://openalex.org/W2988096065","https://openalex.org/W2990160442","https://openalex.org/W3010408237","https://openalex.org/W3093880997","https://openalex.org/W3120699447","https://openalex.org/W3146685276","https://openalex.org/W4205879030","https://openalex.org/W4206109607","https://openalex.org/W4211256391","https://openalex.org/W4214674051","https://openalex.org/W4233477632","https://openalex.org/W4241695501","https://openalex.org/W4246263814","https://openalex.org/W4250310298","https://openalex.org/W4296604409","https://openalex.org/W4312092243","https://openalex.org/W4383221573","https://openalex.org/W4386947681","https://openalex.org/W6746678524","https://openalex.org/W6758773630","https://openalex.org/W6770214405","https://openalex.org/W6773222381","https://openalex.org/W6891754798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W2354251310","https://openalex.org/W1526521547","https://openalex.org/W4385624297","https://openalex.org/W3180981818","https://openalex.org/W4247881240","https://openalex.org/W2007388836","https://openalex.org/W2356515587","https://openalex.org/W2351580829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0],"Internet":[1,47],"of":[2,28,48,57,65,68,91],"Things":[3],"(IIoT)":[4],"systems":[5],"require":[6],"robust":[7],"mechanisms":[8,71],"for":[9,46],"secure":[10],"firmware":[11,58],"updates.":[12,59],"Existing":[13],"approaches":[14],"are":[15],"often":[16],"inadequate":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,51,81],"vendor":[20],"fragmentation,":[21],"network":[22],"limitations,":[23],"and":[24,55,72,84,106],"the":[25,41,53,63,78,89,92],"safety-critical":[26],"nature":[27],"many":[29],"IIoT":[30],"applications.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"article,":[34],"we":[35],"address":[36],"these":[37],"challenges":[38],"by":[39,98],"extending":[40],"IETF":[42],"SUIT":[43,79],"(Software":[44],"Updates":[45],"Things)":[49],"framework":[50],"enhance":[52],"security":[54],"assurance":[56],"Our":[60],"contributions":[61],"include":[62],"integration":[64],"Software":[66],"Bill":[67],"Materials":[69],"(SBOM)":[70],"a":[73,99],"Behavioral":[74],"Certification":[75],"Manifest":[76],"into":[77],"architecture":[80],"increase":[82],"transparency":[83],"provide":[85],"formal":[86],"guarantees":[87],"about":[88],"content":[90],"update.":[93],"The":[94],"approach":[95],"is":[96],"validated":[97],"prototype":[100],"implementation":[101],"that":[102],"demonstrates":[103],"its":[104],"feasibility":[105],"scalability":[107],"using":[108],"real-world":[109],"benchmarks.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T08:38:57.713557","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
