{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412627782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3750733","title":"An Imitative Reinforcement Learning Framework for Pursuit-Lock-Launch Missions","display_name":"An Imitative Reinforcement Learning Framework for Pursuit-Lock-Launch Missions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412627782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3750733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3750733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3750733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16632050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems","issn_l":"1556-4665","issn":["1556-4665","1556-4703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001645652","display_name":"Siyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-598X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-598X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082405471","display_name":"Rongchang Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8034-8975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongchang Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8034-8975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bofei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1663-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bofei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1663-148X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yaoyu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1224-3137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1224-3137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346747","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-1335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-1335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101304618","display_name":"Yingnan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5037-8813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingnan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","Harbin Engineering University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5037-8813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Engineering University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22497621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7907129526138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.756464958190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.6631182432174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/look-ahead","display_name":"Look-ahead","score":0.45649707317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3072640299797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.05702763795852661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7907129526138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.756464958190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.6631182432174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147297375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6674930","display_name":"Look-ahead","level":2,"score":0.45649707317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3072640299797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.05702763795852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3750733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3750733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16632050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems","issn_l":"1556-4665","issn":["1556-4665","1556-4703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G331384810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023Z021077001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327472","funder_display_name":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3823570250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2024F007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G915215520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327472","display_name":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1531725372","https://openalex.org/W2023857055","https://openalex.org/W2108734173","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2522340145","https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2759463506","https://openalex.org/W2766373678","https://openalex.org/W2781726626","https://openalex.org/W2787938642","https://openalex.org/W2798257756","https://openalex.org/W2910645997","https://openalex.org/W2967847744","https://openalex.org/W2986854067","https://openalex.org/W3000245569","https://openalex.org/W3034269714","https://openalex.org/W3041508111","https://openalex.org/W3092407777","https://openalex.org/W3093887912","https://openalex.org/W3138984732","https://openalex.org/W3172360140","https://openalex.org/W3194103514","https://openalex.org/W3209155592","https://openalex.org/W4210366873","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4239795376","https://openalex.org/W4281397356","https://openalex.org/W4285146476","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W4302307947","https://openalex.org/W4308329658","https://openalex.org/W4310576394","https://openalex.org/W4316591079","https://openalex.org/W4322773517","https://openalex.org/W4386044597","https://openalex.org/W4393224853","https://openalex.org/W4401025062","https://openalex.org/W4410770594","https://openalex.org/W6640174482","https://openalex.org/W6680724558","https://openalex.org/W6683195989","https://openalex.org/W6718092244","https://openalex.org/W6784678651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"combat":[1,181],"aerial":[2,26,180],"vehicle":[3],"(UCAV)":[4],"within-visual-range":[5],"(WVR)":[6],"engagement,":[7],"referring":[8],"to":[9,101,161,185],"a":[10,21,71,116,186],"fight":[11],"between":[12],"two":[13],"or":[14],"more":[15],"UCAVs":[16],"at":[17],"close":[18],"quarters,":[19],"plays":[20],"decisive":[22],"role":[23],"on":[24,132],"the":[25,29,111,133,142,162,175],"battlefields.":[27],"With":[28],"development":[30],"of":[31,119,164],"artificial":[32],"intelligence,":[33],"WVR":[34,45],"engagement":[35,46],"progressively":[36],"advances":[37],"toward":[38],"intelligent":[39],"and":[40,61,150,156,167,190],"autonomous":[41,44,84,105,168],"modes.":[42],"However,":[43],"policy":[47,118],"learning":[48,59,75,92,155,158],"is":[49],"hindered":[50],"by":[51],"challenges":[52],"such":[53],"as":[54],"weak":[55],"exploration":[56,106],"capabilities,":[57],"low":[58],"efficiency,":[60],"unrealistic":[62],"simulated":[63],"environments.":[64],"To":[65,123],"overcome":[66],"these":[67],"challenges,":[68],"we":[69,127],"propose":[70],"novel":[72],"imitative":[73],"reinforcement":[74,108,154],"framework,":[76],"which":[77],"efficiently":[78],"leverages":[79],"expert":[80,95],"data":[81],"while":[82],"enabling":[83],"exploration.":[85],"The":[86,136],"proposed":[87,112,143],"framework":[88,113,144,171],"not":[89],"only":[90],"enhances":[91],"efficiency":[93],"through":[94],"imitation":[96,157],"but":[97],"also":[98],"ensures":[99],"adaptability":[100],"dynamic":[102],"environments":[103],"via":[104],"with":[107],"learning.":[109],"Therefore,":[110],"can":[114,172],"learn":[115,174],"successful":[117],"\u201cpursuit-lock-launch\u201d":[120],"for":[121],"UCAVs.":[122],"support":[124],"data-driven":[125],"learning,":[126],"establish":[128],"an":[129],"environment":[130],"based":[131],"Harfang3D":[134],"sandbox.":[135],"extensive":[137],"experimental":[138],"results":[139],"indicate":[140],"that":[141],"excels":[145],"in":[146,178],"this":[147],"multistage":[148],"task":[149],"significantly":[151],"outperforms":[152],"state-of-the-art":[153],"methods.":[159],"Thanks":[160],"ability":[163],"imitating":[165],"experts":[166],"exploration,":[169],"our":[170],"quickly":[173],"critical":[176],"knowledge":[177],"complex":[179],"tasks,":[182],"achieving":[183],"up":[184],"100%":[187],"success":[188],"rate":[189],"demonstrating":[191],"excellent":[192],"robustness.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
