{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414836544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748615","title":"From In-Game Behaviors to Learning Gains: Constructing Bayesian Networks for Stealth Assessment","display_name":"From In-Game Behaviors to Learning Gains: Constructing Bayesian Networks for Stealth Assessment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414836544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3748615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664463","display_name":"Wenyi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-3284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenyi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri, Columbia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039592209","display_name":"Joseph Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri, Columbia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041969145","display_name":"James Laffey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0434-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Laffey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri, Columbia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057686363","display_name":"Troy D. Sadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-0300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Troy D. Sadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097813877","display_name":"Sean Goggins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-147X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Goggins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri, Columbia, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri, Columbia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101664463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29793139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"566","last_page":"605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-learning","display_name":"Digital learning","score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"Experiential learning","score":0.3443000018596649}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6068999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42133412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319221","display_name":"Adventure","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82142266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456604","display_name":"Dynamic Bayesian network","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984419406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science learning","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3748615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":133,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79190670","https://openalex.org/W589586069","https://openalex.org/W778476381","https://openalex.org/W844464139","https://openalex.org/W1031163384","https://openalex.org/W1489751778","https://openalex.org/W1505191356","https://openalex.org/W1518664880","https://openalex.org/W1549662122","https://openalex.org/W1573502614","https://openalex.org/W1592285968","https://openalex.org/W1803184879","https://openalex.org/W1897463405","https://openalex.org/W1957061992","https://openalex.org/W1970687027","https://openalex.org/W1985877753","https://openalex.org/W1988299840","https://openalex.org/W1988644426","https://openalex.org/W2007877589","https://openalex.org/W2013477750","https://openalex.org/W2014784042","https://openalex.org/W2018263751","https://openalex.org/W2034009564","https://openalex.org/W2041215392","https://openalex.org/W2042436587","https://openalex.org/W2050408734","https://openalex.org/W2060062639","https://openalex.org/W2068818612","https://openalex.org/W2079313345","https://openalex.org/W2085267184","https://openalex.org/W2088583274","https://openalex.org/W2094958131","https://openalex.org/W2114216000","https://openalex.org/W2116540072","https://openalex.org/W2127260529","https://openalex.org/W2131014262","https://openalex.org/W2132795338","https://openalex.org/W2145155142","https://openalex.org/W2149098713","https://openalex.org/W2152072238","https://openalex.org/W2154918462","https://openalex.org/W2158160900","https://openalex.org/W2163400567","https://openalex.org/W2165136898","https://openalex.org/W2192103675","https://openalex.org/W2213611497","https://openalex.org/W2260763715","https://openalex.org/W2292505862","https://openalex.org/W2299102577","https://openalex.org/W2323568615","https://openalex.org/W2344674375","https://openalex.org/W2398473626","https://openalex.org/W2461461975","https://openalex.org/W2484145743","https://openalex.org/W2505919685","https://openalex.org/W2519060883","https://openalex.org/W2525846909","https://openalex.org/W2543936542","https://openalex.org/W2547292534","https://openalex.org/W2550393292","https://openalex.org/W2576265988","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2590324379","https://openalex.org/W2601636749","https://openalex.org/W2605961645","https://openalex.org/W2763272764","https://openalex.org/W2810345630","https://openalex.org/W2889014390","https://openalex.org/W2912526555","https://openalex.org/W2913074290","https://openalex.org/W2929626129","https://openalex.org/W2946876350","https://openalex.org/W2950757501","https://openalex.org/W2951228036","https://openalex.org/W2954276751","https://openalex.org/W2963300178","https://openalex.org/W2964993196","https://openalex.org/W2971565213","https://openalex.org/W2973187325","https://openalex.org/W2981371649","https://openalex.org/W2984700341","https://openalex.org/W2986323735","https://openalex.org/W3006495301","https://openalex.org/W3020934276","https://openalex.org/W3023129332","https://openalex.org/W3027725903","https://openalex.org/W3030361007","https://openalex.org/W3034091068","https://openalex.org/W3039046423","https://openalex.org/W3039470340","https://openalex.org/W3043510029","https://openalex.org/W3045625914","https://openalex.org/W3081308656","https://openalex.org/W3083027205","https://openalex.org/W3087648691","https://openalex.org/W3094643974","https://openalex.org/W3095463698","https://openalex.org/W3110398952","https://openalex.org/W3111008767","https://openalex.org/W3134223711","https://openalex.org/W3139432628","https://openalex.org/W3153903662","https://openalex.org/W3160838879","https://openalex.org/W3176812817","https://openalex.org/W3183913203","https://openalex.org/W3203366377","https://openalex.org/W3204021492","https://openalex.org/W3205480705","https://openalex.org/W4220750697","https://openalex.org/W4224303914","https://openalex.org/W4236321494","https://openalex.org/W4280586614","https://openalex.org/W4285778712","https://openalex.org/W4292952947","https://openalex.org/W4293157137","https://openalex.org/W4311375998","https://openalex.org/W4312701626","https://openalex.org/W4313420543","https://openalex.org/W4323269346","https://openalex.org/W4376873629","https://openalex.org/W4376875576","https://openalex.org/W4379057999","https://openalex.org/W4386846085","https://openalex.org/W4387332696","https://openalex.org/W4389565313","https://openalex.org/W4396832638","https://openalex.org/W4399640133","https://openalex.org/W4401943346","https://openalex.org/W4403307176","https://openalex.org/W4405862066","https://openalex.org/W4406621622","https://openalex.org/W4407842081","https://openalex.org/W4408498402"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,132,136,145],"use":[4],"of":[5,127,138],"Bayesian":[6,64],"Networks":[7,65],"(BNs)":[8],"for":[9,147,163,174],"Stealth":[10],"Assessment":[11],"(SA)":[12],"in":[13,45,113,169],"digital":[14,181],"game\u2010based":[15],"learning":[16,34,87,104,167,182],"(DGBL)":[17],"environments.":[18],"By":[19],"integrating":[20],"in\u2010game":[21,73],"behavior":[22,108],"tracking":[23],"with":[24],"embedded":[25],"assessment":[26,150],"scores,":[27],"we":[28,67],"investigate":[29],"how":[30],"interactive":[31],"gameplay":[32,154],"fosters":[33],"gains.":[35,105],"Data":[36],"were":[37],"collected":[38],"from":[39,131],"632":[40],"middle":[41],"school":[42],"students":[43],"participating":[44],"Mission":[46],"HydroSci":[47],"(MHS),":[48],"a":[49,160],"first-person":[50],"3D":[51],"narrative":[52],"adventure":[53],"designed":[54],"to":[55,102,179],"teach":[56],"water":[57],"science":[58],"and":[59,82,85,92,119,143,165,176],"scientific":[60],"argumentation.":[61],"Using":[62],"Static":[63],"(SBNs),":[66],"modeled":[68],"probabilistic":[69],"dependencies":[70],"among":[71],"various":[72],"behaviors,":[74],"including":[75,110],"evidence\u2010based":[76],"argumentation,":[77],"tool":[78,117],"usage,":[79,118],"dialogue":[80],"engagement,":[81],"spatial":[83,121],"exploration,":[84,122],"corresponding":[86],"outcomes":[88],"measured":[89],"via":[90],"pre\u2010":[91],"post-assessments.":[93],"Our":[94],"analysis":[95,134],"reveals":[96],"distinct":[97],"behavioral":[98],"profiles":[99],"strongly":[100],"linked":[101],"positive":[103],"In":[106],"particular,":[107],"patterns,":[109],"repeated":[111],"engagement":[112],"argumentation":[114],"tasks,":[115],"strategic":[116],"goal-oriented":[120],"emerge":[123],"as":[124],"key":[125],"predictors":[126],"enhanced":[128],"performance.":[129],"Insights":[130],"BN":[133],"inform":[135],"design":[137],"more":[139],"effective":[140],"DGBL":[141],"environments":[142],"highlight":[144],"potential":[146],"real-time,":[148],"adaptive":[149],"mechanisms":[151],"that":[152],"maintain":[153],"immersion.":[155],"Overall,":[156],"this":[157],"research":[158],"offers":[159],"data-driven":[161],"framework":[162],"understanding":[164],"optimizing":[166],"trajectories":[168],"DGBL,":[170],"providing":[171],"practical":[172],"guidelines":[173],"educators":[175],"game":[177],"designers":[178],"enhance":[180],"interventions.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
