{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164003416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748522.3779867","title":"A Hybrid Approach Combining Information Retrieval and Large Language Models for Traceability Link Recovery","display_name":"A Hybrid Approach Combining Information Retrieval and Large Language Models for Traceability Link Recovery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164003416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748522.3779867"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3748522.3779867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748522.3779867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748522.3779867","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138223728","display_name":"Izumi Nagata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2751-915X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96036126","display_name":"Kumamoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cgss904","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Izumi Nagata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2751-915X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018027076","display_name":"Israel Mendon\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6819-4305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96036126","display_name":"Kumamoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cgss904","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Mendon\u00e7a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6819-4305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138259048","display_name":"Kaito Utsunomiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2800-1695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158139479","display_name":"Horiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1e9e96","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158139479"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaito Utsunomiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akiba Republic Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2800-1695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akiba Republic Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158139479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048080606","display_name":"Yuto Takaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-3118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158139479","display_name":"Horiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1e9e96","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158139479"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuto Takaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akiba Republic Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9418-7685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akiba Republic Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158139479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138278528","display_name":"Keisuke Sasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2301-6365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114208","display_name":"Nikkei Business Publications (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0220t3t55","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114208"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Sasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIKKEI ADVANCED SYSTEMS INC., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2301-6365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIKKEI ADVANCED SYSTEMS INC., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010583900","display_name":"Masayoshi Aritsugi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-849X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96036126","display_name":"Kumamoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cgss904","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayoshi Aritsugi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-849X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138223728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96036126"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9779434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1409","last_page":"1417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.878600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-traceability","display_name":"Requirements traceability","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space-model","display_name":"Vector space model","score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-model","display_name":"Information model","score":0.32519999146461487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.878600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6251000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35084680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848201","display_name":"Requirements traceability","level":5,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89686163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187982","display_name":"Vector space model","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21338462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662581","display_name":"Information model","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143271835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254515","display_name":"Similitude","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3748522.3779867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748522.3779867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3748522.3779867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748522.3779867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W834020057","https://openalex.org/W2031400820","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2117990499","https://openalex.org/W2128581098","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2506353248","https://openalex.org/W2618735982","https://openalex.org/W2887628184","https://openalex.org/W2992455574","https://openalex.org/W3027067538","https://openalex.org/W3040257249","https://openalex.org/W3086180509","https://openalex.org/W3162044134","https://openalex.org/W3185835445","https://openalex.org/W3194114348","https://openalex.org/W3215933179","https://openalex.org/W4248862830","https://openalex.org/W4251218026","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4288280764","https://openalex.org/W4387123286","https://openalex.org/W4389164725","https://openalex.org/W4400269071","https://openalex.org/W4401719355","https://openalex.org/W4401719617","https://openalex.org/W4401722723","https://openalex.org/W4411552568"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traceability":[0],"information":[1,65],"is":[2],"essential":[3],"for":[4,26],"effective":[5],"software":[6],"maintenance":[7],"and":[8,29,85],"operation.":[9],"In":[10],"this":[11,48],"study,":[12],"we":[13,50],"propose":[14],"a":[15],"traceability":[16],"link":[17],"recovery":[18],"approach":[19],"that":[20,72],"leverages":[21],"the":[22,52,59,77],"capabilities":[23],"of":[24],"LLMs":[25,33,57],"linking":[27],"requirements":[28],"source":[30],"code.":[31],"While":[32],"demonstrate":[34,71],"powerful":[35],"language":[36],"comprehension,":[37],"they":[38],"still":[39],"have":[40],"limitations":[41],"in":[42],"capturing":[43],"domain-specific":[44],"terminology.":[45],"To":[46],"overcome":[47],"limitation,":[49],"combine":[51],"semantic":[53],"similarity":[54,61],"extracted":[55],"by":[56,63,79,87],"with":[58],"textual":[60],"computed":[62],"an":[64],"retrieval":[66],"(IR)-based":[67],"method.":[68],"Experimental":[69],"results":[70],"our":[73],"proposed":[74],"method":[75],"improves":[76],"F1-score":[78],"up":[80,88],"to":[81,89,94],"10.7":[82],"percentage":[83,91],"points":[84,92],"MAP":[86],"9.1":[90],"compared":[93],"state-of-the-art":[95],"methods.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-10T14:10:52.464848","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}