{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412989207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747511","title":"McTT: A Verified Kernel for a Proof Assistant","display_name":"McTT: A Verified Kernel for a Proof Assistant","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412989207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3747511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747511","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3747511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3747511","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089882954","display_name":"Junyoung Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyoung Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-2155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093275776","display_name":"Antoine Gaulin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Gaulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4640-4102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028600538","display_name":"Jason Z. S. Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6710-6262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Z. S. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6710-6262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044908798","display_name":"Brigitte Pientka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brigitte Pientka","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-4276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.22,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84643962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"ICFP","first_page":"190","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5012741088867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4753653407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.46837741136550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burden-of-proof","display_name":"Burden of proof","score":0.4243597984313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31186652183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.15135982632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1308182179927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0800425112247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.05342906713485718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5012741088867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4753653407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.46837741136550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777431735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535975","display_name":"Burden of proof","level":2,"score":0.4243597984313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31186652183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.15135982632637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1308182179927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0800425112247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.05342906713485718}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3747511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747511","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3747511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3747511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747511","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3747511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2481280139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"206263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3333094732","display_name":"Bourses de doctorat en recherche \u2014 Langage informatique, Th\u00e9ories et r\u00e8gles de la logique","funder_award_id":"333531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","funder_display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7775268781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"253521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","funder_display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412989207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412989207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494555245","https://openalex.org/W1581378641","https://openalex.org/W1765415708","https://openalex.org/W1949275316","https://openalex.org/W2023035194","https://openalex.org/W2026858610","https://openalex.org/W2043740265","https://openalex.org/W2070925023","https://openalex.org/W2088156780","https://openalex.org/W2102151984","https://openalex.org/W2127114597","https://openalex.org/W2141636159","https://openalex.org/W2146471655","https://openalex.org/W2147289514","https://openalex.org/W2148662736","https://openalex.org/W2149837936","https://openalex.org/W2151520617","https://openalex.org/W2274485505","https://openalex.org/W2510726753","https://openalex.org/W2562368761","https://openalex.org/W2751878617","https://openalex.org/W2779668776","https://openalex.org/W2780835401","https://openalex.org/W2953833525","https://openalex.org/W2964659165","https://openalex.org/W2965156518","https://openalex.org/W2981188613","https://openalex.org/W2981815722","https://openalex.org/W2990172991","https://openalex.org/W3100626325","https://openalex.org/W4205724670","https://openalex.org/W4293812979","https://openalex.org/W4310428280","https://openalex.org/W4321480286","https://openalex.org/W4386317139","https://openalex.org/W4387270836","https://openalex.org/W4390777456","https://openalex.org/W4406221673","https://openalex.org/W6949488157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2354521390","https://openalex.org/W2349405618","https://openalex.org/W2393453016","https://openalex.org/W3122865845","https://openalex.org/W4401265554","https://openalex.org/W1981603292","https://openalex.org/W2379326187","https://openalex.org/W4411761702","https://openalex.org/W4387322292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proof":[0],"assistants":[1,27],"based":[2],"on":[3],"type":[4,75,96,108,235],"theories":[5,236],"have":[6,175,179],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"successful":[9],"from":[10],"verifying":[11],"safety-critical":[12],"software":[13,40],"to":[14,63,168,183,229,238,244],"establishing":[15],"a":[16,65,69,72,138,157,170,185,192,197,201,221,227],"new":[17],"standard":[18],"of":[19,37,68,85,107,110,126,131,187,233,241],"rigour":[20],"by":[21],"formalizing":[22],"mathematics.":[23],"But":[24],"these":[25],"proof":[26,50],"and":[28,39,83,98,105,128,153,177,218,237,242],"even":[29],"their":[30],"type-checking":[31,246],"kernels":[32],"are":[33],"also":[34],"complex":[35],"pieces":[36],"software,":[38],"invariably":[41],"has":[42],"bugs,":[43],"so":[44],"why":[45],"should":[46],"we":[47,55,93,121,148,178],"trust":[48],"such":[49,101],"assistants?":[51],"In":[52,89,117],"this":[53,145],"paper,":[54],"describe":[56],"the":[57,90,95,118,123,129,134,209,216,231,245],"McTT":[58,78,190,223],"(Mechanized":[59],"Type":[60],"Theory)":[61],"infrastructure":[62],"build":[64],"verified":[66,194,213],"implementation":[67,80,140,152],"kernel":[70,195],"for":[71,160,196,215],"core":[73,198],"Martin-L\u00f6f":[74],"theory":[76,97],"(MLTT).":[77],"is":[79,166,212],"in":[81,133,208],"Rocq":[82,142],"consists":[84],"two":[86],"main":[87],"components:":[88],"theoretical":[91,135],"component,":[92,120,147],"specify":[94],"prove":[99],"theorems":[100],"as":[102,226],"normalization,":[103],"consistency":[104],"injectivity":[106],"constructors":[109],"MLTT":[111,199],"using":[112],"an":[113,150],"untyped":[114],"domain":[115],"model.":[116],"algorithmic":[119,146],"relate":[122],"declarative":[124],"specification":[125],"typing":[127],"model":[130],"normalization":[132],"component":[136],"with":[137,156,200],"functional":[139],"within":[141],".":[143],"From":[144],"extract":[149],"OCaml":[151,164],"couple":[154],"it":[155,182],"front-end":[158],"parser":[159],"execution.":[161],"This":[162],"extracted":[163],"code":[165],"comparable":[167],"what":[169],"skilled":[171],"human":[172],"programmer":[173],"would":[174],"written":[176],"successfully":[180],"used":[181],"type-check":[184],"series":[186],"small-scale":[188],"examples.":[189],"provides":[191],"fully":[193],"full":[202],"cumulative":[203],"universe":[204],"hierarchy.":[205],"Every":[206],"step":[207],"compilation":[210],"pipeline":[211],"except":[214],"lexer":[217],"pretty-printer.":[219],"As":[220],"result,":[222],"serves":[224],"both":[225],"framework":[228],"explore":[230],"meta-theory":[232],"advanced":[234],"investigate":[239],"optimizations":[240],"extensions":[243],"kernel.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
