{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414221520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747176","title":"The Innovation Engine: Government-Funded Academic Research","display_name":"The Innovation Engine: Government-Funded Academic Research","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414221520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3747176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747176","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077202069","display_name":"David A. Patterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-7093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Patterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Computer Science Division, Berkeley, California, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Computer Science Division, Berkeley, California, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077202069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24781776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"12","first_page":"58","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-management","display_name":"Innovation management","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-innovation","display_name":"Technology innovation","score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2766000032424927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186037533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794803","display_name":"Innovation management","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989454216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7615509","display_name":"Technology innovation","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3747176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3747176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3747176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W234958826","https://openalex.org/W1976575875","https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2013590125","https://openalex.org/W2018426736","https://openalex.org/W2072287438","https://openalex.org/W2072627547","https://openalex.org/W2074975096","https://openalex.org/W2089063487","https://openalex.org/W2096633220","https://openalex.org/W2108183412","https://openalex.org/W2114296561","https://openalex.org/W2114728910","https://openalex.org/W2118324422","https://openalex.org/W2126810579","https://openalex.org/W2127547524","https://openalex.org/W2135131646","https://openalex.org/W2146198619","https://openalex.org/W2159350554","https://openalex.org/W2725179571","https://openalex.org/W3106862024","https://openalex.org/W4248578633","https://openalex.org/W4249045347"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"author":[1],"recounts":[2],"the":[3],"economic":[4],"and":[5],"technological":[6],"successes":[7],"of":[8],"five":[9],"government-funded":[10],"academic":[11],"research":[12],"projects":[13],"over":[14],"a":[15],"single":[16],"career":[17],"at":[18],"one":[19],"university.":[20]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
