{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411712574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746455","title":"Prompt-based Masked Language Modeling for Numerical Reasoning","display_name":"Prompt-based Masked Language Modeling for Numerical Reasoning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411712574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3746455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746455","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746455","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055063871","display_name":"Sujit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-1936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-1936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104308676","display_name":"Monika Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2607-787X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108977442","display_name":"Abhishek Raj Ranjan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Ranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3064-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106152340","display_name":"Tanveen Tanveen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8727-0563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512376","display_name":"Sanasam Ranbir Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-2144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanasam Ranbir Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-2144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, ASSAM, India, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4401,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89909033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9101067781448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5079925656318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4670841693878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4330497980117798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9101067781448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5079925656318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4670841693878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4330497980117798}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3746455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746455","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3746455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746455","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411712574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411712574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497212108","https://openalex.org/W1502957213","https://openalex.org/W1603598191","https://openalex.org/W2118119027","https://openalex.org/W2270070752","https://openalex.org/W2467173223","https://openalex.org/W2489487449","https://openalex.org/W2561360547","https://openalex.org/W2599674900","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2888482885","https://openalex.org/W2899575547","https://openalex.org/W2962965405","https://openalex.org/W2963929190","https://openalex.org/W3010183557","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3036120435","https://openalex.org/W3102199783","https://openalex.org/W3119920397","https://openalex.org/W3160638507","https://openalex.org/W4205807230","https://openalex.org/W4239019441","https://openalex.org/W4285537247","https://openalex.org/W4322730883","https://openalex.org/W4365799947","https://openalex.org/W4385570519","https://openalex.org/W4387798036","https://openalex.org/W4389519884","https://openalex.org/W4395680613","https://openalex.org/W4404782349","https://openalex.org/W6785484405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Headline":[0],"generation,":[1],"a":[2,14,49,53],"crucial":[3],"task":[4],"in":[5,31,44,73,80,89,247],"summarization,":[6,35],"aims":[7],"to":[8,61,68],"summarize":[9],"an":[10,95],"entire":[11],"article":[12],"into":[13],"concise,":[15],"single":[16],"line.":[17],"Despite":[18],"the":[19,42,45,57,74,78,126,168,178,196,209,222,237,263],"proficiency":[20],"of":[21,59,98,188,224,239],"sequence-to-sequence":[22],"encoder-decoder":[23],"models":[24,29,60,194,229,242],"and":[25,34,64,84,109,118,139,155,184,203,226,251,277],"transformer-based":[26],"large":[27],"language":[28,158,228],"(LLMs)":[30],"text":[32,257,282],"generation":[33,83,117,138,154,202],"generating":[36],"headlines":[37],"that":[38,173,213,262],"include":[39],"numerals":[40,43,72,88],"representing":[41],"news":[46,75,90],"body":[47],"remains":[48],"significant":[50],"challenge.":[51],"Generating":[52],"numeral-aware":[54,81,115,136,152,200,256,281],"headline":[55,82,116,122,137,153,201],"requires":[56],"ability":[58],"solve":[62],"numerical":[63,85,119,140,161,204,231,249,253,274,278],"mathematical":[65],"reasoning":[66,86,120,205,232,254,279],"capabilities":[67],"infer":[69],"relationships":[70],"between":[71],"body.":[76],"Given":[77],"challenges":[79],"over":[87],"bodies,":[91],"this":[92],"study":[93,132,236],"conducts":[94],"empirical":[96,131],"investigation":[97],"LLMs":[99,134,150],"using":[100],"various":[101],"strategies,":[102],"including":[103],"Pretrained":[104,179],",":[105,108,113,180,183],"Few-shot":[106,181],"Prompting":[107,112,182,186],"Chain-of-Thought":[110],"(CoT)":[111],"for":[114,121,135,151,160,255,273,280],"generation.":[123],"Building":[124],"upon":[125],"insights":[127],"gained":[128],"from":[129,195,208],"our":[130,165,174,214,240],"on":[133,167,198,230],"reasoning,":[141],"we":[142],"propose":[143],"two":[144],"novel":[145],"approaches:":[146],"instruction":[147],"tuning":[148],"with":[149],"prompt-based":[156],"masked":[157],"modeling":[159],"reasoning.":[162],"We":[163,171,234],"conducted":[164],"experiments":[166],"NumHG":[169],"dataset.":[170],"observed":[172],"proposed":[175,215,241,264],"method":[176],"outperforms":[177],"CoT":[185],"setups":[187],"LLMs,":[189],"as":[190,192],"well":[191],"baseline":[193],"literature,":[197],"both":[199],"tasks.":[206,233],"Observations":[207],"experimental":[210],"results":[211],"reveal":[212],"Prompt-based":[216,265],"Masked":[217,266],"Language":[218,267],"Modeling":[219,268],"significantly":[220],"improves":[221],"performance":[223,246],"small":[225],"medium-sized":[227],"also":[235,271],"robustness":[238],"by":[243],"evaluating":[244],"their":[245],"fact-checking":[248],"claims":[250],"performing":[252],"summarization.":[258,283],"Our":[259],"findings":[260],"suggest":[261],"approach":[269],"is":[270],"effective":[272],"claim":[275],"verification":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}