{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416078512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3761085","title":"ST-LINK: Spatially-Aware Large Language Models for Spatio-Temporal Forecasting","display_name":"ST-LINK: Spatially-Aware Large Language Models for Spatio-Temporal Forecasting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416078512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3761085"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3746252.3761085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3761085","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746252.3761085","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746252.3761085","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110593495","display_name":"Hyun K. Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0030-6677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyotaek Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0030-6677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101907560","display_name":"Hyunwook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-7347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunwook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108556179","display_name":"Ju-Won Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5176-4607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juwon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5176-4607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020791375","display_name":"Sungahn Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-5652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungahn Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-5652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1057","last_page":"1067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.3003999888896942,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.3003999888896942,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.07270000129938126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.06599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.251800000667572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6065000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.24410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2370000034570694}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3746252.3761085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3761085","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746252.3761085","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3746252.3761085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3746252.3761085","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3746252.3761085","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2473389590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00218913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5051746381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-II191906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5132518317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-II191906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6328011153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00218913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7294048361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-II191906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321282","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416078512.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416078512.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973943669","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W2904832339","https://openalex.org/W2997848713","https://openalex.org/W3126367810","https://openalex.org/W3176075655","https://openalex.org/W3193812480","https://openalex.org/W3194625338","https://openalex.org/W4283817628","https://openalex.org/W4312703862","https://openalex.org/W4382239616","https://openalex.org/W4382449675","https://openalex.org/W4387846860","https://openalex.org/W4388979610","https://openalex.org/W4391935932","https://openalex.org/W4401863317","https://openalex.org/W4407838869"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"forecasting":[1],"represents":[2],"a":[3,19,66],"crucial":[4],"problem":[5],"within":[6,106],"intelligent":[7],"transportation":[8],"systems.In":[9],"recent":[10],"research,":[11],"Large":[12,74],"Language":[13,75],"Models":[14,76],"(LLMs)":[15],"have":[16],"emerged":[17],"as":[18,102],"promising":[20],"method,":[21],"but":[22],"their":[23,50],"intrinsic":[24],"design,":[25],"tailored":[26],"primarily":[27],"for":[28],"sequential":[29,119],"token":[30],"processing,":[31],"introduces":[32],"notable":[33],"challenges":[34],"in":[35,45],"effectively":[36,157],"capturing":[37],"spatial":[38,47,55,100,112],"dependencies.Specifically,":[39],"the":[40,71,88,107,116,137],"inherent":[41,118],"limitations":[42],"of":[43,73,139],"LLMs":[44],"modeling":[46],"relationships":[48],"and":[49,87,125,135,153,156,163],"architectural":[51],"incompatibility":[52],"with":[53],"graphstructured":[54],"data":[56],"remain":[57],"largely":[58],"unaddressed.To":[59],"overcome":[60],"these":[61],"limitations,":[62],"we":[63],"introduce":[64],"ST-LINK,":[65],"novel":[67],"framework":[68],"that":[69,147],"enhances":[70],"capability":[72],"to":[77,98,130],"capture":[78,131],"spatiotemporal":[79],"dependencies.Its":[80],"key":[81,127],"components":[82],"are":[83],"Spatially-Enhanced":[84],"Attention":[85],"(SE-Attention)":[86],"Memory":[89],"Retrieval":[90],"Feed-Forward":[91],"Network":[92],"(MRFFN).SE-Attention":[93],"extends":[94],"rotary":[95],"position":[96],"embeddings":[97],"integrate":[99],"correlations":[101],"direct":[103],"rotational":[104],"transformations":[105],"attention":[108],"mechanism.This":[109],"approach":[110],"maximizes":[111],"learning":[113,152],"while":[114],"preserving":[115],"LLM's":[117],"processing":[120],"structure.Meanwhile,":[121],"MRFFN":[122],"dynamically":[123],"retrieves":[124],"utilizes":[126],"historical":[128],"patterns":[129,162],"complex":[132],"temporal":[133],"dependencies":[134],"improve":[136],"stability":[138],"long-term":[140],"forecasting.Comprehensive":[141],"experiments":[142],"on":[143],"benchmark":[144],"datasets":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"ST-LINK":[148],"surpasses":[149],"conventional":[150],"deep":[151],"LLM":[154],"approaches,":[155],"captures":[158],"both":[159],"regular":[160],"traffic":[161],"abrupt":[164],"changes.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00"}
