{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162812285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745756.3809225","title":"AquaCode: Turning Transaction Platforms into Non-Invasive Liquid Quality Checker","display_name":"AquaCode: Turning Transaction Platforms into Non-Invasive Liquid Quality Checker","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162812285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745756.3809225"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3745756.3809225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745756.3809225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745756.3809225","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137395926","display_name":"Sijie Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijie Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-1982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137364095","display_name":"Sheng Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-1987"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-1987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137359567","display_name":"Wenjian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-0823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-0823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137391624","display_name":"Wei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-4562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-4562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81904733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"593","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14189","display_name":"Intravenous Infusion Technology and Safety","score":0.1485999971628189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.39259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779019669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203946","display_name":"Asynchrony (computer programming)","level":3,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3745756.3809225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745756.3809225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3745756.3809225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745756.3809225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033188536","https://openalex.org/W2537024443","https://openalex.org/W2761676759","https://openalex.org/W2874356750","https://openalex.org/W2913307441","https://openalex.org/W2947295154","https://openalex.org/W2950465411","https://openalex.org/W2956612142","https://openalex.org/W3199729485","https://openalex.org/W3200233627","https://openalex.org/W3207826056","https://openalex.org/W4210567087","https://openalex.org/W4210670267","https://openalex.org/W4220875062","https://openalex.org/W4283015582","https://openalex.org/W4289544966","https://openalex.org/W4309491910","https://openalex.org/W4385453577","https://openalex.org/W4387660883","https://openalex.org/W4390798782","https://openalex.org/W4392504188","https://openalex.org/W4399121781","https://openalex.org/W4399320043","https://openalex.org/W4399324070"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"liquid":[1,87,100,218],"sensing":[2,80,112,150],"solutions":[3],"typically":[4],"fail":[5,52],"to":[6,30,46,53,70,128,138,186,216],"achieve":[7,200],"real-world":[8],"scalability.":[9],"Current":[10],"channel-based":[11],"methods":[12],"(e.g.,":[13],"RF,":[14],"acoustics)":[15],"approach":[16],"this":[17,63],"problem":[18],"through":[19],"a":[20,38,67,79,110,152,158,170,176,182,193,201,213],"consumer-centric":[21],"classification":[22],"paradigm.":[23],"However,":[24],"their":[25],"measurements":[26],"become":[27],"tightly":[28],"coupled":[29],"non-repeatable":[31],"channel":[32],"responses":[33],"and":[34,73,192],"heterogeneous":[35],"hardware.":[36],"As":[37],"result,":[39],"systems":[40],"require":[41],"massive,":[42],"ad-hoc":[43],"data":[44],"collection":[45],"cover":[47],"these":[48,188],"variations,":[49],"yet":[50],"still":[51],"generalize":[54],"across":[55],"the":[56,75,85,121,135,144,162,165],"practically":[57],"infinite":[58],"diversity":[59],"of":[60,98,148,203],"products.":[61],"In":[62],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"paradigm":[68],"shift":[69],"targeted":[71],"verification":[72,160],"repurpose":[74],"identity":[76],"tag":[77],"as":[78],"interface.":[81],"We":[82,180,199,209],"present":[83],"AquaCode,":[84],"first":[86],"quality":[88],"assessment":[89],"system":[90,163],"seamlessly":[91],"integrated":[92],"into":[93,151],"retail":[94],"checkout":[95,136],"platforms.":[96],"Instead":[97],"inferring":[99],"types":[101],"via":[102],"unstable":[103],"channels,":[104],"AquaCode":[105,133,211],"harnesses":[106],"Liquid-Solid":[107],"Interface":[108],"(LSI),":[109],"novel":[111],"modality":[113],"that":[114],"measures":[115],"charge":[116],"transfer":[117],"dynamics":[118],"directly":[119],"at":[120],"outer":[122],"container":[123],"wall,":[124],"making":[125],"it":[126],"immune":[127],"external":[129],"multipath":[130],"interference.":[131],"Crucially,":[132],"leverages":[134],"platform":[137],"provide":[139],"standardized":[140],"mechanical":[141],"excitation,":[142],"converting":[143],"erratic":[145],"motion":[146],"artifacts":[147],"handheld":[149],"deterministic":[153],"signal":[154,168],"source.":[155],"This":[156],"enables":[157],"robust":[159],"model:":[161],"compares":[164],"runtime":[166],"LSI":[167],"against":[169],"manufacturer-defined":[171],"golden":[172],"standard":[173],"encoded":[174],"in":[175],"low-cost":[177],"passive":[178],"tag.":[179],"design":[181],"specialized":[183],"analog":[184],"frontend":[185],"extract":[187],"faint,":[189],"high-impedance":[190],"signals":[191],"lightweight":[194],"algorithm":[195],"for":[196,205],"1-to-1":[197],"verification.":[198],"recall":[202],"0.905":[204],"identifying":[206],"low-quality":[207],"drinks.":[208],"believe":[210],"offers":[212],"scalable":[214],"path":[215],"ubiquitous":[217],"safety.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-30T00:00:00"}