{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411489243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745021","title":"AgentTOD: A Task-Oriented Dialogue Agent with a Flexible and Adaptive API Calling Paradigm","display_name":"AgentTOD: A Task-Oriented Dialogue Agent with a Flexible and Adaptive API Calling Paradigm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411489243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3745021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068101984","display_name":"Heng-Da Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-5400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng-Da Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-5400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017626590","display_name":"Xian-Ling Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-2311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian-Ling Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-2311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074152196","display_name":"Fanshu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanshu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-855X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009736264","display_name":"Tian-Yi Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-4092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Yi Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-4092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102099847","display_name":"Chun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6264-0682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6264-0682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087631670","display_name":"Heyan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-7520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heyan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-7520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06690905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8277497291564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6869813203811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6240094304084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6047570705413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5045439004898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.49470946192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44734758138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4395126402378082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41400063037872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39592012763023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25037580728530884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8277497291564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6869813203811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6240094304084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6047570705413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5045439004898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49470946192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44734758138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4395126402378082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41400063037872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39592012763023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25037580728530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3745021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3745021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1969152782","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2604698497","https://openalex.org/W2798494119","https://openalex.org/W2945475330","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963491014","https://openalex.org/W2963692154","https://openalex.org/W2963797754","https://openalex.org/W2964006684","https://openalex.org/W2964101860","https://openalex.org/W2979520138","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W2985067290","https://openalex.org/W2988937804","https://openalex.org/W2997771882","https://openalex.org/W3034573951","https://openalex.org/W3035337525","https://openalex.org/W3035451444","https://openalex.org/W3037879762","https://openalex.org/W3045703328","https://openalex.org/W3088273075","https://openalex.org/W3100128199","https://openalex.org/W3104078590","https://openalex.org/W3155584966","https://openalex.org/W3156697766","https://openalex.org/W3168491067","https://openalex.org/W3174579561","https://openalex.org/W3201659492","https://openalex.org/W3214585123","https://openalex.org/W3216055172","https://openalex.org/W4206496297","https://openalex.org/W4287854472","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4294974598","https://openalex.org/W4303182341","https://openalex.org/W4375858696","https://openalex.org/W4385570330","https://openalex.org/W4385572445","https://openalex.org/W4385573341","https://openalex.org/W4388626886","https://openalex.org/W4389520103","https://openalex.org/W4389524319","https://openalex.org/W4390041933","https://openalex.org/W4393065402","https://openalex.org/W4401042524","https://openalex.org/W4402670718","https://openalex.org/W4402671901","https://openalex.org/W4402671962","https://openalex.org/W4402684301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W4312490297","https://openalex.org/W2062212388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Task-oriented":[0],"dialogue":[1,57,118,127,131,198,214],"(TOD)":[2],"systems":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,20,25,99,105,116,182,262],"vital":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,93],"numerous":[9],"assistance":[10],"and":[11,35,72,130,144,184,224,235,249],"service":[12],"scenarios,":[13],"significantly":[14],"improving":[15],"people\u2019s":[16],"daily":[17],"lives.":[18],"Conventionally,":[19],"TOD":[21,101,186,204],"system":[22],"adheres":[23],"to":[24,81,114,141,146,151,158,171,173,177,232,239,265],"fixed":[26,48],"paradigm,":[27],"where":[28,216],"it":[29,40],"must":[30],"first":[31],"extract":[32],"user":[33],"goals":[34],"query":[36],"external":[37,70,85,153],"databases":[38],"before":[39],"can":[41,156,225],"generate":[42,236],"the":[43,63,76,84,91,111,122,138,148,174,218,229,240,247],"final":[44],"response.":[45],"However,":[46],"this":[47,94],"extract-and-query":[49],"paradigm":[50],"is":[51,60,73,210],"not":[52,68],"always":[53],"optimal":[54],"for":[55,62,75],"all":[56],"turns,":[58],"which":[59,193],"redundant":[61],"simple":[64],"turns":[65,78],"that":[66,79,103],"do":[67],"need":[69,80],"information,":[71],"inadequate":[74],"complex":[77],"interact":[82],"with":[83,165,212,228],"world":[86],"multiple":[87],"times.":[88],"To":[89],"address":[90],"limitations,":[92],"article,":[95],"we":[96,180],"propose":[97],"AgentTOD,":[98,179],"novel":[100],"framework":[102],"uses":[104],"large":[106,183],"language":[107],"model":[108],"(LLM)":[109],"as":[110,137,259,261],"intelligent":[112],"agent":[113],"achieve":[115],"flexible":[117],"paradigm.":[119],"AgentTOD":[120,227,253],"deprecates":[121],"traditional":[123],"modular":[124],"architecture":[125],"(including":[126],"state":[128],"tracking":[129],"policy)":[132],"by":[133],"utilizing":[134],"an":[135],"LLM":[136],"controller":[139],"brain":[140],"determine":[142],"when":[143],"how":[145],"call":[147,159,233],"provided":[149],"APIs":[150,160,234],"obtain":[152],"information.":[154],"It":[155],"choose":[157],"any":[161],"number":[162],"of":[163,191,195],"times":[164],"various":[166],"parameters":[167],"until":[168],"it\u2019s":[169],"enough":[170],"reply":[172],"user.":[175],"Besides,":[176],"train":[178],"construct":[181],"comprehensive":[185],"dataset,":[187],"called":[188],"TrajsTOD":[189,209],"(Trajectories":[190],"TODs),":[192],"consists":[194],"66k+":[196],"user-agent":[197],"trajectories":[199],"converted":[200],"from":[201],"eight":[202],"popular":[203],"datasets":[205,251],"covering":[206],"60":[207],"domains.":[208],"constructed":[211],"minimal":[213],"annotations":[215],"only":[217],"API":[219],"calling":[220],"logs":[221],"are":[222],"needed":[223],"empower":[226],"general":[230],"ability":[231],"responses":[237],"according":[238],"task":[241,267],"definition.":[242],"Extensive":[243],"experimental":[244],"results":[245],"on":[246,257],"MultiWOZ-series":[248],"SGD":[250],"demonstrate":[252],"has":[254],"superior":[255,263],"performance":[256],"TODs":[258],"well":[260],"adaptability":[264],"new":[266],"scenarios.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}