{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414109616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748430","title":"Measuring Discrepancies in Attack Surfaces Generated by Internet Intelligence Platforms","display_name":"Measuring Discrepancies in Attack Surfaces Generated by Internet Intelligence Platforms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414109616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744969.3748430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748430","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748430","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Posters and Demos","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748430","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014011195","display_name":"Maurice Price","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5896-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5896-7570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086377458","display_name":"Edward Austin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-0941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Austin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-0941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102973502","display_name":"Paul Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-6751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-6751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013891693","display_name":"Nicholas Race","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-8078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Race","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-8078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26732784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"82","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-analysis","display_name":"Intelligence analysis","score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-research","display_name":"Internet research","score":0.29589998722076416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517642484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388514","display_name":"Intelligence analysis","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134531850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6056040","display_name":"Internet research","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201307755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber-attack","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744969.3748430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748430","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748430","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Posters and Demos","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:232238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/232238/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744969.3748430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748430","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748430","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Posters and Demos","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414109616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414109616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170924378","https://openalex.org/W2892759841","https://openalex.org/W4300002915","https://openalex.org/W4395029956","https://openalex.org/W4400120604","https://openalex.org/W4406503176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,29],"response":[1],"to":[2,12,69],"the":[3,38,56,62,85],"growing":[4],"threat":[5],"of":[6,61],"cyber-attacks,":[7],"there":[8,34],"is":[9],"a":[10],"demand":[11],"understand":[13],"modern,":[14],"complex":[15],"attack":[16,39,64,79],"surfaces.":[17,65],"To":[18],"achieve":[19],"this,":[20],"different":[21],"Internet":[22],"Intelligence":[23],"Platforms":[24],"(IIPs)":[25],"can":[26],"be":[27],"used.":[28],"this":[30],"work,":[31],"we":[32],"show":[33,51],"are":[35],"differences":[36],"in":[37,55],"surfaces":[40],"created":[41],"using":[42],"three":[43],"IIPs:":[44],"Shodan,":[45],"Censys,":[46],"and":[47,58,71],"ZoomEye.":[48],"Our":[49],"results":[50],"these":[52,93],"discrepancies":[53],"manifest":[54],"size":[57],"temporal":[59],"characteristics":[60],"identified":[63],"This":[66],"could":[67],"lead":[68],"organisations":[70],"decisionmakers":[72],"potentially":[73],"being":[74],"misinformed":[75],"about":[76],"their":[77],"true":[78],"surface.":[80],"These":[81],"findings":[82],"point":[83],"towards":[84],"need":[86],"for":[87],"further":[88],"research":[89],"focused":[90],"on":[91],"understanding":[92],"discrepancies.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}