{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414109780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748412","title":"Nanosecond Time Synchronization for Optical Data Center Networks","display_name":"Nanosecond Time Synchronization for Optical Data Center Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414109780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744969.3748412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748412","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Posters and Demos","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748412","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106212330","display_name":"Yiming Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-7156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-7156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708117","display_name":"Jialong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-5551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-5551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078259812","display_name":"Zhengqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3588-9458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3588-9458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085688805","display_name":"Raj Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-9931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-9931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037947752","display_name":"Yiting Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-1459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-1459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1081,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82552999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"40","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sync","display_name":"sync","score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.39469999074935913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3913047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956265","display_name":"sync","level":3,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197417287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098837","display_name":"Optical burst switching","level":5,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26840048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098880","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","level":4,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70979049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51831","display_name":"Optical Transport Network","level":5,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128717455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2024185","display_name":"3D optical data storage","level":2,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178260956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3642817","display_name":"10G-PON","level":5,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178317062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477933","display_name":"Frame synchronization","level":4,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151857401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640621","display_name":"Optical engineering","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178029761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037566","display_name":"Multiwavelength optical networking","level":5,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196129803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241448","display_name":"Optical cross-connect","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132771110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506922","display_name":"Adaptive optics","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744969.3748412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748412","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Posters and Demos","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744969.3748412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744969.3748412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3744969.3748412","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Posters and Demos","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414109780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414109780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1592776038","https://openalex.org/W2097926925","https://openalex.org/W2119638333","https://openalex.org/W2141810662","https://openalex.org/W2486960733","https://openalex.org/W2492255232","https://openalex.org/W2605492061","https://openalex.org/W2742956305","https://openalex.org/W2743429249","https://openalex.org/W2750540346","https://openalex.org/W2846600546","https://openalex.org/W2931304851","https://openalex.org/W3008830959","https://openalex.org/W3036056935","https://openalex.org/W3046344355","https://openalex.org/W3122687444","https://openalex.org/W3188706325","https://openalex.org/W4239036755","https://openalex.org/W4246314521","https://openalex.org/W4252237914","https://openalex.org/W4290990894","https://openalex.org/W4385933396","https://openalex.org/W4401176374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885105415","https://openalex.org/W2379482911","https://openalex.org/W2645858920","https://openalex.org/W2166939931","https://openalex.org/W2548702785","https://openalex.org/W4231087120","https://openalex.org/W2031096545","https://openalex.org/W2322793796","https://openalex.org/W1631301428","https://openalex.org/W2361721963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0,69],"data":[1],"center":[2],"networks":[3],"(DCNs)":[4],"are":[5],"renovating":[6],"the":[7,11,14,36,42,52,64,72,93,111,119,139,149],"infrastructure":[8],"design":[9],"for":[10,35,55,77],"cloud":[12],"in":[13,97,134,145],"post-Moore's":[15],"law":[16],"era.":[17],"The":[18],"fact":[19],"that":[20],"optical":[21,25,49,78,83,98],"DCNs":[22,50,79,147],"rely":[23],"on":[24,41,48,90],"circuits":[26,96],"of":[27,39,92,115,131,141,148],"microsecond-scale":[28],"durations":[29],"makes":[30],"nanosecond-precision":[31,74],"time":[32,57],"synchronization":[33,75,123,129,143],"essential":[34],"correct":[37],"functioning":[38],"routing":[40],"network":[43],"fabric.":[44],"However,":[45],"current":[46],"studies":[47],"neglect":[51],"fundamental":[53],"need":[54],"accurate":[56],"synchronization.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"poster,":[61],"we":[62],"bridge":[63],"gap":[65],"by":[66],"developing":[67],"Nanosecond":[68],"Synchronization":[70],"(NOS),":[71],"first":[73],"solution":[76],"general":[80],"to":[81,102,117],"various":[82],"hardware.":[84],"NOS":[85],"builds":[86],"clock":[87],"propagation":[88],"trees":[89],"top":[91],"dynamically":[94],"reconfigured":[95],"DCNs,":[99],"allowing":[100],"nodes":[101,116],"seek":[103],"better":[104],"sync":[105],"parents":[106],"throughout":[107],"time.":[108],"It":[109],"leverages":[110],"real-time":[112],"error":[113],"bounds":[114],"guide":[118],"tree-building":[120],"process,":[121],"minimizing":[122],"errors.":[124],"Our":[125],"simulations":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"a":[128,135],"accuracy":[130,140],"23":[132],"ns":[133],"192-node":[136],"configuration,":[137],"surpassing":[138],"state-of-the-art":[142],"protocols":[144],"electrical":[146],"same":[150],"scale.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}