{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414487612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758494","title":"Towards Adaptive External Communication in Autonomous Vehicles: A Conceptual Design Framework","display_name":"Towards Adaptive External Communication in Autonomous Vehicles: A Conceptual Design Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414487612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744335.3758494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758494","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044409375","display_name":"Tram Thi Minh Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tram Thi Minh Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085056759","display_name":"Judy Kay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6728-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judy Kay","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6728-2768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070356056","display_name":"Stewart Worrall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-4742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stewart Worrall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-4742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083072152","display_name":"Marius Hoggenm\u00fceller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-5729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Hoggenmueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-5729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008079113","display_name":"Callum Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Callum Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-9213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001817278","display_name":"Xinyan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-3381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038732366","display_name":"Julie Stephany Berr\u00edo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-7042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Stephany Berr\u00edo Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-7042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079198596","display_name":"Mao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-6581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-6581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023076293","display_name":"Martin Tomitsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Tomitsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-2975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Design Lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26933558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.635699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-system","display_name":"Adaptive system","score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.3774999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.635699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138852830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292993","display_name":"Design methods","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781368080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501688","display_name":"Context awareness","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93729268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187450","display_name":"Structured systems analysis and design method","level":3,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982777018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99268086","display_name":"Adaptive design","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744335.3758494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758494","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.12518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12518","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12518","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.12518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12518","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12518","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3364134221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP220102019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029469562","https://openalex.org/W2060690448","https://openalex.org/W2064283760","https://openalex.org/W2551641937","https://openalex.org/W2756874185","https://openalex.org/W2803331364","https://openalex.org/W2890770680","https://openalex.org/W2895922401","https://openalex.org/W2943591006","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W2974679499","https://openalex.org/W3001293072","https://openalex.org/W3029469337","https://openalex.org/W3047614479","https://openalex.org/W3085133347","https://openalex.org/W3135693549","https://openalex.org/W3157590651","https://openalex.org/W3160292900","https://openalex.org/W3175009974","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W4220875643","https://openalex.org/W4296306268","https://openalex.org/W4297884052","https://openalex.org/W4297884076","https://openalex.org/W4386585980","https://openalex.org/W4386691169","https://openalex.org/W4387305369","https://openalex.org/W4396827114","https://openalex.org/W4396832899","https://openalex.org/W4396833603","https://openalex.org/W4399478806","https://openalex.org/W4400830149","https://openalex.org/W4408336439"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"External":[0],"Human-Machine":[1],"Interfaces":[2],"(eHMIs)":[3],"are":[4],"key":[5],"to":[6,101],"facilitating":[7],"interaction":[8],"between":[9],"autonomous":[10],"vehicles":[11],"and":[12,20,26,46,72,82,89,96,104,125],"external":[13],"road":[14,43],"actors,":[15],"yet":[16],"most":[17],"remain":[18],"reactive":[19],"do":[21],"not":[22],"account":[23],"for":[24,35],"scalability":[25],"inclusivity.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"introduces":[30],"a":[31,54,98],"conceptual":[32],"design":[33],"framework":[34,58,86],"adaptive":[36,94,106],"eHMIs-interfaces":[37],"that":[38],"dynamically":[39],"adjust":[40],"communication":[41,107],"as":[42,53],"actors":[44],"vary":[45],"context":[47],"shifts.":[48],"Using":[49],"the":[50,57,64,69,75,85],"cyber-physical":[51],"system":[52,65,70,76],"structuring":[55],"lens,":[56],"comprises":[59],"three":[60],"layers:":[61],"Input":[62],"(what":[63],"detects),":[66],"Processing":[67],"(how":[68,74],"decides),":[71],"Output":[73],"communicates).":[77],"Developed":[78],"through":[79],"theory-led":[80],"abstraction":[81],"expert":[83],"discussion,":[84],"helps":[87],"researchers":[88],"designers":[90],"think":[91],"systematically":[92],"about":[93],"eHMIs":[95],"provides":[97],"structured":[99],"tool":[100],"design,":[102],"analyse,":[103],"assess":[105],"strategies.":[108],"We":[109],"show":[110],"how":[111],"such":[112],"systems":[113],"may":[114],"resolve":[115],"longstanding":[116],"limitations":[117],"in":[118],"eHMI":[119],"research":[120],"while":[121],"raising":[122],"new":[123],"ethical":[124],"technical":[126],"considerations.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
