{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412408569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","title":"PQC for DNSSEC: a format size analysis on Falcon signatures","display_name":"PQC for DNSSEC: a format size analysis on Falcon signatures","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412408569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744200.3744767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop on ZZZ","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118981057","display_name":"Ginevra Fabrizio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ginevra Fabrizio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9490-1599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010931830","display_name":"Ralph Koning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154420","display_name":"SIDN Fonds","ror":"https://ror.org/05cej7184","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154420"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Koning","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIDN Labs and University of Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-4455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIDN Labs and University of Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025543883","display_name":"Elmer Lastdrager","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154420","display_name":"SIDN Fonds","ror":"https://ror.org/05cej7184","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154420"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmer Lastdrager","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIDN Labs, Arnhem, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1040-0110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIDN Labs, Arnhem, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051322119","display_name":"Caspar Schutijser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2690-2616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154420","display_name":"SIDN Fonds","ror":"https://ror.org/05cej7184","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154420"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caspar Schutijser","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIDN Labs, Arnhem, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2690-2616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIDN Labs, Arnhem, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025537461","display_name":"Anna Sperotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-5846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Sperotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-5846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091643049","display_name":"Roland van Rijswijk-Deij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland van Rijswijk-Deij","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-8776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79850532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falcon","display_name":"Falcon","score":0.8290691375732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5539193749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07343849539756775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775845381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43489","display_name":"Falcon","level":2,"score":0.8290691375732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5539193749427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07343849539756775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744200.3744767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop on ZZZ","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/dbb463ca-31d2-4b64-b50e-59746575cfdb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/pqc-for-dnssec-a-format-size-analysis-on-falcon-signatures(dbb463ca-31d2-4b64-b50e-59746575cfdb).html","pdf_url":"https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/273966270/3744200.3744767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fabrizio, G, Koning, R, Lastdrager, E, Schutijser, C, Sperotto, A & van Rijswijk-Deij, R 2025, PQC for DNSSEC: a format size analysis on Falcon signatures. in ANRW 25 : Proceedings of the 2025 Applied Networking Research Workshop : July 22, 2025, Madrid, Spain. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, New York, pp. 143\u2013149, 2025 Applied Networking Research Workshop, Madrid, Spain, 22/07/25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/9d20684b-f4ce-4cc5-b77c-18862d3f809d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/9d20684b-f4ce-4cc5-b77c-18862d3f809d","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/509517058/3744200.3744767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fabrizio, G, Koning, R, Lastdrager, E, Schutijser, C, Sperotto, A & van Rijswijk - Deij, R M 2025, PQC for DNSSEC : a format size analysis on Falcon signatures. in ANRW '25: Proceedings of the 2025 Applied Networking Research Workshop. pp. 143-149, Applied Networking Research Workshop, ANRW 2025, Madrid, Spain, 22/07/25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3744200.3744767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3744200.3744767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop on ZZZ","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028110717","https://openalex.org/W3094467847","https://openalex.org/W3095767298","https://openalex.org/W4255893443","https://openalex.org/W4281772378","https://openalex.org/W4385711891","https://openalex.org/W4403291154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2559910745","https://openalex.org/W1996171346","https://openalex.org/W3012004699","https://openalex.org/W2316698445","https://openalex.org/W73822458","https://openalex.org/W2913902875","https://openalex.org/W3029030103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Falcon":[0,44,201],"is":[1,140],"a":[2,58,87,98,176,210],"post-quantum":[3],"signature":[4,25,71,83,88,123,155,202],"algorithm":[5],"recently":[6],"chosen":[7],"for":[8,57,91,104,197,217],"standardization":[9,203,208],"by":[10],"the":[11,36,39,109,121,129,150,153,167,198],"National":[12],"Institute":[13],"of":[14,38,43,120,152,169,209],"Standards":[15],"and":[16,49,75,77,102,137,220],"Technology":[17],"(NIST).":[18],"Its":[19],"official":[20],"implementation":[21,224],"has":[22],"two":[23,40,70,122],"different":[24,41],"formats":[26,42],"that":[27,128,183,207],"differ":[28],"in":[29,131,144,179,204],"size.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,105],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"measure":[35],"impact":[37],"signatures":[45,139,147,171],"on":[46,50,54,81,200],"DNSSEC-signed":[47,99],"zones":[48],"DNSSEC":[51,82,185],"queries,":[52],"based":[53],"real-world":[55,161],"traffic":[56],"large":[59],"country-code":[60],"Top":[61],"Level":[62],"Domain":[63],"(ccTLD).":[64],"We":[65,85,107],"take":[66],"into":[67],"consideration":[68],"Falcon's":[69],"formats,":[72],"called":[73],"padded":[74,136,212],"compressed,":[76],"evaluate":[78],"their":[79],"effects":[80],"sizes.":[84],"provide":[86,194],"size":[89,134,181],"distribution":[90],"each":[92],"format,":[93],"using":[94],"data":[95],"obtained":[96],"from":[97],"ccTLD":[100],"zone":[101],"queries":[103],"zone.":[106],"use":[108,151,168],"results":[110,126,165,193],"to":[111,117,175,221],"study":[112],"whether":[113],"there":[114],"are":[115,148],"advantages":[116],"choosing":[118],"one":[119],"formats.":[124],"Our":[125],"show":[127],"difference":[130],"DNS":[132],"message":[133,180],"between":[135],"compressed":[138,154,170],"small.":[141],"Therefore,":[142],"while":[143],"theory":[145],"smaller":[146],"favorable,":[149],"format":[156,213],"does":[157,172],"not":[158,173],"have":[159],"tangible":[160],"benefits.":[162],"As":[163],"our":[164],"show,":[166],"lead":[174],"significant":[177],"shift":[178],"such":[182],"more":[184],"answers":[186],"would":[187],"fit":[188],"within":[189],"MTU":[190],"limits.":[191],"These":[192],"useful":[195],"input":[196],"discussion":[199],"DNSSEC,":[205],"concluding":[206],"fixed-size":[211],"may":[214],"be":[215],"preferable":[216],"its":[218],"predictability":[219],"avoid":[222],"potential":[223],"errors.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}