{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417073170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3743093.3770927","title":"Rethinking Misalignment in Virtual Staining: A Preliminary Study on Using STN-Guided Supervision at Training Time to Improve H&E-to-IHC Translation","display_name":"Rethinking Misalignment in Virtual Staining: A Preliminary Study on Using STN-Guided Supervision at Training Time to Improve H&E-to-IHC Translation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417073170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3743093.3770927"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3743093.3770927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3743093.3770927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on Multimedia in Asia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033249915","display_name":"Iman Yi Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Yi Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-4539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120642099","display_name":"Mustafa Mahir Suliman Fadlelbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9849-6014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Mahir Suliman Fadlelbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9849-6014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029403722","display_name":"Mahmoud Khattab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-9541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139412","display_name":"University of Southampton Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/04vxw9c34","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139412","https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Khattab","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton Malaysia, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-9541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton Malaysia, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009154893","display_name":"Amr Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-7911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103065316","display_name":"Jia Wern Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-9831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092640","display_name":"Cancer Research Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0aq541","country_code":"MY","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092640","https://openalex.org/I4210147568"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Wern Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-9831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18461088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9003000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9003000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunohistochemistry","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-stain","display_name":"H&E stain","score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.32249999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7240999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422637","display_name":"Eosin","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3743093.3770927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3743093.3770927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on Multimedia in Asia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2731516742","https://openalex.org/W2899906096","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W3020393364","https://openalex.org/W3108316907","https://openalex.org/W3141929194","https://openalex.org/W3196616669","https://openalex.org/W3212516020","https://openalex.org/W4312220066","https://openalex.org/W4386071785","https://openalex.org/W4400767051","https://openalex.org/W4402373303","https://openalex.org/W4402727082","https://openalex.org/W4403071593","https://openalex.org/W4403365652","https://openalex.org/W4403654855","https://openalex.org/W4404371545","https://openalex.org/W4408564105"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"staining":[1,66,120,177],"digitally":[2],"simulates":[3],"histological":[4],"stains":[5],"without":[6],"physical":[7],"staining.":[8],"Mainstream":[9],"methods":[10],"rely":[11],"on":[12,61,124,152],"carefully":[13],"curated":[14],"paired":[15],"or":[16],"multi-stain":[17],"images":[18,41],"of":[19,88,117,144],"the":[20,98,102,115,118,125,142,191],"same":[21],"tissue,":[22],"typically":[23],"from":[24,67,105],"adjacent":[25],"serial":[26],"sections,":[27],"to":[28,72,96,167,174],"learn":[29],"stain-to-stain":[30],"mappings":[31],"via":[32],"supervised":[33],"image-to-image":[34],"translation.":[35],"However,":[36,141],"morphological":[37],"structures":[38],"in":[39,190],"cross-stain":[40],"are":[42],"rarely":[43],"perfectly":[44],"aligned,":[45],"introducing":[46],"noise":[47],"during":[48,94],"training":[49,95,169],"and":[50,69,90,134,155,184],"potentially":[51],"degrading":[52],"model":[53,153],"performance.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"this":[57,110],"challenge,":[58],"we":[59],"focus":[60],"breast":[62],"cancer":[63],"histopathological":[64],"virtual":[65,119,176],"Hematoxylin":[68],"Eosin":[70],"(H&E)":[71],"Immunohistochemistry":[73],"(IHC).":[74],"We":[75],"show":[76],"that":[77,162],"by":[78],"integrating":[79],"a":[80,171],"Spatial":[81],"Transformer":[82],"Network":[83],"(STN)":[84],"with":[85,101,139],"naive":[86],"concatenation":[87],"H&E":[89,108],"IHC":[91,100,103],"as":[92],"input":[93],"align":[97],"ground-truth":[99],"generated":[104],"its":[106],"corresponding":[107],"input,":[109],"simple":[111],"strategy":[112],"can":[113],"improve":[114],"performance":[116],"model.":[121],"Experimental":[122],"results":[123],"Breast":[126],"Cancer":[127],"Immunohistochemical":[128],"(BCI)":[129],"dataset":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"higher":[132],"PSNR":[133],"SSIM":[135],"for":[136],"models":[137],"trained":[138],"STN.":[140],"benefits":[143],"STN":[145],"integration":[146,185],"vary":[147],"across":[148],"different":[149],"baselines,":[150],"depending":[151],"architecture":[154],"loss":[156],"functions.":[157],"Overall,":[158],"our":[159],"study":[160],"suggests":[161],"incorporating":[163],"learnable":[164],"spatial":[165],"alignment":[166,182],"guide":[168],"is":[170],"viable":[172],"direction":[173],"enhance":[175],"performance,":[178],"although":[179],"more":[180],"advanced":[181],"strategies":[183],"techniques":[186],"should":[187],"be":[188],"explored":[189],"future.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-06T00:00:00"}