{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414654128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742886.3756706","title":"Challenges and opportunities in portraying emotion in generated sign language","display_name":"Challenges and opportunities in portraying emotion in generated sign language","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414654128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742886.3756706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742886.3756706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742886.3756706","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742886.3756706","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742886.3756706","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072048461","display_name":"John C. McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118353179","display_name":"DePaul University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtx5t16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-8343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076178972","display_name":"Rosalee Wolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-9582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098364","display_name":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing","ror":"https://ror.org/00z24kr14","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosalee Wolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research and Innovation Centre, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-9582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research and Innovation Centre, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048995310","display_name":"Fabrizio Nunnari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Nunnari","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Saarland, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-4043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbr\u00fccken, Saarland, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072048461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24401914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotive","display_name":"Emotive","score":0.7847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-expression","display_name":"Emotional expression","score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-language","display_name":"Body language","score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.43860000371932983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776215170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373820","display_name":"Emotive","level":2,"score":0.7847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143110190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373787","display_name":"Emotional expression","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20253421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477298","display_name":"Body language","level":2,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742886.3756706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742886.3756706","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742886.3756706","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.07937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07937","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742886.3756706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742886.3756706","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742886.3756706","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414654128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414654128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W652662681","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1970912820","https://openalex.org/W2008264338","https://openalex.org/W2024221294","https://openalex.org/W2067208064","https://openalex.org/W2078788134","https://openalex.org/W2149628368","https://openalex.org/W2401205325","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2912483755","https://openalex.org/W2990842302","https://openalex.org/W3029241522","https://openalex.org/W3122081138","https://openalex.org/W3167485533","https://openalex.org/W4213312949","https://openalex.org/W4241434537","https://openalex.org/W4253454432","https://openalex.org/W4393159756"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-manual":[0],"signals":[1,47,116],"in":[2,65,117],"sign":[3],"languages":[4],"continue":[5],"to":[6,19,48,77,94,108],"be":[7],"a":[8,23,26,66,83],"challenge":[9],"for":[10,44,56],"signing":[11,51,122],"avatars.More":[12],"specifically,":[13],"emotional":[14,33,62,80,98,114],"content":[15],"has":[16,105],"been":[17],"difficult":[18],"incorporate":[20],"because":[21],"of":[22,25,29,39,61,113],"lack":[24],"standard":[27],"method":[28],"specifying":[30],"the":[31,37,49,58,87,106],"avatar's":[32],"state.This":[34],"paper":[35],"explores":[36],"application":[38],"an":[40],"intuitive":[41],"two-parameter":[42],"representation":[43,85,90],"emotive":[45],"non-manual":[46,115],"Paula":[50],"avatar":[52],"that":[53],"shows":[54],"promise":[55],"facilitating":[57],"linguistic":[59,118],"specification":[60,112],"facial":[63],"expressions":[64,81],"more":[67,96,110],"coherent":[68],"manner":[69],"than":[70],"previous":[71],"methods.Users":[72],"can":[73,91],"apply":[74],"these":[75],"parameters":[76],"control":[78],"Paula's":[79],"through":[82],"textual":[84],"called":[86],"EASIER":[88],"notation.The":[89],"allow":[92],"avatars":[93],"express":[95],"nuanced":[97],"states":[99],"using":[100],"two":[101],"numerical":[102],"parameters.It":[103],"also":[104],"potential":[107],"enable":[109],"consistent":[111],"annotations":[119],"which":[120],"drive":[121],"avatars.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
