{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7110947782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742873.3755989","title":"Hermes: An FPGA-based NTT Accelerator Supporting Various Lengths for HHE","display_name":"Hermes: An FPGA-based NTT Accelerator Supporting Various Lengths for HHE","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7110947782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742873.3755989"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742873.3755989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742873.3755989","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742873.3755989","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742873.3755989","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3099-1584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3099-1584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Teng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-1203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-1203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qianyu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-6920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianyu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-6920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5451-0674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5451-0674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ZhenDong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-3062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZhenDong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-3062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuehai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75518786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.659500002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.659500002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.22220000624656677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.3750999867916107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742873.3755989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742873.3755989","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742873.3755989","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742873.3755989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742873.3755989","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3742873.3755989","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G461544363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20241818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5069622250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB0660000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5915521212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YD2150002011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325599","funder_display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6284701254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6472083938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6489310523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8197661244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20241818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325599","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7110947782.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2701059868","https://openalex.org/W3117449869","https://openalex.org/W4205350912","https://openalex.org/W4360831809","https://openalex.org/W4360831815","https://openalex.org/W4360831824","https://openalex.org/W4404955800"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"Homomorphic":[1,10],"Encryption":[2,11],"(HHE)":[3],"scheme":[4],"integrates":[5],"two":[6],"types":[7],"of":[8,24,30,37,64,70],"Fully":[9],"(FHE),":[12],"arithmetic":[13],"FHE":[14,17],"and":[15,22,84],"logic":[16],"to":[18,90],"enhance":[19],"the":[20,28,35,38,68],"performance":[21,29],"scalability":[23],"privacy-preserving":[25],"computations.":[26],"However,":[27],"HHE":[31],"mainly":[32],"depends":[33],"on":[34],"efficiency":[36],"Number":[39],"Theoretic":[40],"Transform":[41],"(NTT).":[42],"Accordingly,":[43],"this":[44],"paper":[45],"introduces":[46],"Hermes,":[47],"an":[48],"FPGA-based":[49],"NTT":[50,59,63,71,96],"accelerator":[51],"for":[52],"HHE.":[53],"We":[54],"have":[55],"designed":[56],"a":[57],"cross-scheme-friendly":[58],"architecture":[60,79],"that":[61,76],"supports":[62],"varying":[65],"lengths":[66],"through":[67],"reuse":[69],"units.":[72],"Experimental":[73],"results":[74],"demonstrate":[75],"our":[77],"proposed":[78],"achieves":[80],"high":[81],"hardware":[82],"utilization":[83],"increases":[85],"throughput":[86],"by":[87],"1.3\u00d7":[88],"compared":[89],"existing":[91],"state-of-the-art":[92],"approaches":[93],"across":[94],"various":[95],"lengths.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}
