{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134249181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742414.3794719","title":"How Do We Measure Over-Reliance? A Unified Probabilistic View","display_name":"How Do We Measure Over-Reliance? A Unified Probabilistic View","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134249181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742414.3794719"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742414.3794719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742414.3794719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742414.3794719","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071400138","display_name":"Daria Mikhaylova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-4669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daria Mikhaylova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-4669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020097732","display_name":"Tommaso Turchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6826-9688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Turchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6826-9688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060199482","display_name":"Alessio Malizia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-7009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Malizia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-7009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071400138"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47413915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"66","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.42980000376701355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.42980000376701355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.14830000698566437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.09149999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-relevance-model","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-decision-diagram","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-data","display_name":"Binary data","score":0.32120001316070557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143017306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318133","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","level":4,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864155","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","level":2,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742414.3794719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742414.3794719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742414.3794719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742414.3794719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7863839864730835,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902292770","https://openalex.org/W1966980020","https://openalex.org/W1978271112","https://openalex.org/W1990229920","https://openalex.org/W1996728935","https://openalex.org/W2013266033","https://openalex.org/W2040775239","https://openalex.org/W2047257497","https://openalex.org/W2081011876","https://openalex.org/W2110171129","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2519292465","https://openalex.org/W2734667289","https://openalex.org/W2830189723","https://openalex.org/W2981686111","https://openalex.org/W3014596384","https://openalex.org/W3163667721","https://openalex.org/W3193357523","https://openalex.org/W3198953857","https://openalex.org/W4200546216","https://openalex.org/W4212999597","https://openalex.org/W4220693086","https://openalex.org/W4292092860","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4306809523","https://openalex.org/W4323841539","https://openalex.org/W4360991389","https://openalex.org/W4362626331","https://openalex.org/W4366548373","https://openalex.org/W4380365974","https://openalex.org/W4380679922","https://openalex.org/W4385216343","https://openalex.org/W4385741628","https://openalex.org/W4387331470","https://openalex.org/W4387344795","https://openalex.org/W4389352627","https://openalex.org/W4390655872","https://openalex.org/W4391376044","https://openalex.org/W4391925187","https://openalex.org/W4396218105","https://openalex.org/W4396832313","https://openalex.org/W4406083100","https://openalex.org/W4415257586"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work-in-progress":[1],"paper":[2,61],"provides":[3],"probabilistic":[4],"expressions":[5],"of":[6,9,27,53,58],"existing":[7],"measures":[8,35,47,75],"over-reliance":[10],"on":[11,36],"AI-based":[12],"decision":[13],"support":[14],"systems,":[15],"mostly":[16],"for":[17,48,72],"binary":[18],"classification,":[19],"facilitating":[20],"direct":[21],"comparison":[22],"and":[23,44,66],"a":[24],"clearer":[25],"understanding":[26],"what":[28],"each":[29],"measure":[30],"captures.":[31],"We":[32],"calculate":[33],"all":[34],"the":[37,50],"same":[38],"synthetic":[39],"dataset,":[40],"visualise":[41],"their":[42],"relationships":[43],"provide":[45,64],"complementary":[46],"evaluating":[49,77],"unwanted":[51],"effects":[52],"mitigation":[54],"strategies.":[55],"The":[56],"aim":[57],"this":[59],"short":[60],"is":[62],"to":[63],"researchers":[65],"designers":[67],"with":[68],"an":[69],"informed":[70],"framework":[71],"selecting":[73],"appropriate":[74],"when":[76],"human-AI":[78],"decision-making":[79],"systems.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:13:21.323994","created_date":"2026-03-10T00:00:00"}
