{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133318622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742413.3789093","title":"AcouLetter: Enabling Fine-Grained Mid-Air Alphabetic Thumb Gesture Recognition on Smartphones with Acoustic and Inertial Sensing","display_name":"AcouLetter: Enabling Fine-Grained Mid-Air Alphabetic Thumb Gesture Recognition on Smartphones with Acoustic and Inertial Sensing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133318622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742413.3789093"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742413.3789093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742413.3789093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742413.3789093","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109936258","display_name":"S I Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9518-0827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Yeon Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9518-0827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032849630","display_name":"Younho Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2021-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younho Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2021-5647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinsung Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0954-3637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsung Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0954-3637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127895347","display_name":"Wooyeol Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wooyeol Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6150-2411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128029858","display_name":"Young-Joo Suh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Joo Suh","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-1709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13094666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1772","last_page":"1786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.6852999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.6852999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.15610000491142273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7627000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.4334000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thumb","display_name":"Thumb","score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.38510000705718994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7961999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7627000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4334000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776881184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360","display_name":"Thumb","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115121344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887140","display_name":"Mobile interaction","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742413.3789093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742413.3789093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3742413.3789093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3742413.3789093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027800248","https://openalex.org/W2069313697","https://openalex.org/W2153200718","https://openalex.org/W2394945029","https://openalex.org/W2402069821","https://openalex.org/W2508112722","https://openalex.org/W2508345357","https://openalex.org/W2508522990","https://openalex.org/W2525798395","https://openalex.org/W2525860450","https://openalex.org/W2538172027","https://openalex.org/W2625581252","https://openalex.org/W2756125637","https://openalex.org/W2761378666","https://openalex.org/W2810777430","https://openalex.org/W2890915954","https://openalex.org/W2896540724","https://openalex.org/W2901327865","https://openalex.org/W2946548169","https://openalex.org/W2952586546","https://openalex.org/W3035303777","https://openalex.org/W3039539347","https://openalex.org/W3130809619","https://openalex.org/W3200072501","https://openalex.org/W3207897005","https://openalex.org/W4220783478","https://openalex.org/W4306179591","https://openalex.org/W4307485662","https://openalex.org/W4366598304","https://openalex.org/W4387321403","https://openalex.org/W4387801274","https://openalex.org/W4404969476","https://openalex.org/W4409720568","https://openalex.org/W7084125228"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"interaction":[1],"is":[2,141,193],"fundamentally":[3],"tied":[4],"to":[5,10,52],"the":[6,35,54,62,65,91,94,103,108,115,119,175],"screen,":[7],"requiring":[8],"users":[9],"look":[11],"at":[12],"and":[13,40,81,105,121,130,150],"physically":[14],"touch":[15],"their":[16],"devices":[17],"by":[18],"tapping":[19],"on-screen":[20],"controls.":[21],"We":[22,68],"introduce":[23],"AcouLetter,":[24],"a":[25,70,75,82,122,139,194],"system":[26,126,157],"for":[27,78,85,167,180,198],"recognizing":[28],"fine-grained,":[29],"mid-air":[30],"alphabetic":[31,190],"thumb":[32],"gestures":[33,147],"above":[34],"screen":[36],"that":[37,73,187],"enables":[38],"one-handed":[39],"non-contact":[41],"input.":[42],"Our":[43,184],"method":[44],"fuses":[45],"acoustic":[46,79],"signals":[47],"with":[48],"inertial":[49,86,97],"sensor":[50],"data":[51],"discern":[53],"subtle":[55],"characteristics":[56],"of":[57,64,93,118,158,177],"each":[58],"letter":[59,110],"gesture,":[60],"capturing":[61],"dynamics":[63],"hand\u2019s":[66],"motion.":[67],"employ":[69],"multi-stage":[71],"architecture":[72],"integrates":[74],"convolutional":[76],"network":[77,84],"features":[80],"transformer-based":[83],"data.":[87],"AcouLetter":[88],"first":[89],"detects":[90],"initiation":[92],"gesture":[95],"using":[96],"measurements,":[98],"determines":[99],"which":[100,162],"hand":[101],"holds":[102],"phone,":[104],"then":[106],"classifies":[107],"specific":[109],"among":[111],"27":[112],"classes,":[113],"including":[114],"26":[116],"letters":[117,163],"alphabet":[120],"null":[123],"gesture.":[124],"The":[125],"achieves":[127],"high":[128],"accuracy":[129],"demonstrates":[131],"robust":[132],"performance":[133],"even":[134],"under":[135],"ambient":[136],"noise":[137],"while":[138],"user":[140,171],"standing":[142],"or":[143],"walking.":[144],"Since":[145],"letter-shaped":[146],"are":[148],"meaningful":[149],"readily":[151],"recognizable,":[152],"they":[153],"support":[154],"an":[155],"intuitive":[156],"expressive":[159,189],"shortcuts":[160],"in":[161],"act":[164],"as":[165],"mnemonics":[166],"complex":[168],"functions.":[169],"A":[170],"study":[172],"further":[173],"confirmed":[174],"practicality":[176],"this":[178,188],"approach":[179],"one-handed,":[181],"contact-free":[182],"interaction.":[183],"results":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"gestural":[191],"interface":[192],"feasible":[195],"new":[196],"modality":[197],"commodity":[199],"smartphones.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}