{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415616311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737895.3768303","title":"IoT-MCP: Bridging LLMs and IoT Systems Through Model Context Protocol","display_name":"IoT-MCP: Bridging LLMs and IoT Systems Through Model Context Protocol","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415616311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737895.3768303"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3737895.3768303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737895.3768303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation &amp; Characterization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737895.3768303","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037527643","display_name":"Nai Wang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0144-3644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ningyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0144-3644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120160106","display_name":"Guanliang Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0092-0562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanliang Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0092-0562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingchen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1199-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingchen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1199-7176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042611833","display_name":"Yiyi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0606-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0606-1395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7648-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7648-9213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062987872","display_name":"Zhihui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-7165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-7165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000892367","display_name":"Hancheng Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hancheng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-2792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110878894","display_name":"Jianyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9653-583X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9653-583X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034818470","display_name":"Tingjun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5717-5755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingjun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5717-5755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058073627","display_name":"Yiran Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-8412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037527643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8686842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.10809999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.10809999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14427","display_name":"Environmental Monitoring and Data Management","score":0.08760000020265579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.8091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.8091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993167945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196626","display_name":"Linguistic context","level":3,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781368080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501688","display_name":"Context awareness","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.27219998836517334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3737895.3768303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737895.3768303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation &amp; Characterization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3737895.3768303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737895.3768303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation &amp; Characterization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2025709178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2330333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7709164144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2112562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793138638","https://openalex.org/W7084031342"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"integration":[1,138],"of":[2],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"with":[7],"Internet-of-Things":[8],"(IoT)":[9],"systems":[10],"faces":[11],"significant":[12],"challenges":[13],"in":[14],"hardware":[15],"heterogeneity":[16],"and":[17,35,53,77,100,118,127,141],"control":[18],"complexity.":[19],"Model":[21],"Context":[22],"Protocol":[23],"(MCP)":[24],"emerges":[25],"as":[26],"a":[27,41,142],"critical":[28],"enabler,":[29],"providing":[30],"standardized":[31,143],"communication":[32],"between":[33],"LLMs":[34,52],"physical":[36],"devices.":[37],"We":[38],"propose":[39],"IoT-MCP,":[40],"novel":[42],"framework":[43,139],"that":[44,114],"implements":[45],"MCP":[46],"through":[47],"edge-deployed":[48],"servers":[49],"to":[50,110],"bridge":[51],"IoT":[54],"ecosystems.":[55],"To":[56],"support":[57],"rigorous":[58],"evaluation,":[59],"we":[60],"introduce":[61],"IoT-MCP":[62],"Bench,":[63],"the":[64,74],"first":[65],"benchmark":[66],"containing":[67],"114":[68],"Basic":[69],"Tasks":[70,80],"(e.g.,":[71,81],"\"What":[72],"is":[73],"current":[75],"temperature?\")":[76],"1,140":[78],"Complex":[79],"\"I":[82],"feel":[83],"so":[84],"hot,":[85],"do":[86],"you":[87],"have":[88],"any":[89],"ideas?\")":[90],"for":[91,146],"IoT-enabled":[92],"LLMs.":[93],"Experimental":[94],"validation":[95],"across":[96],"22":[97],"sensor":[98],"types":[99],"6":[101],"microcontroller":[102],"units":[103],"demonstrates":[104],"IoT-MCP's":[105],"100%":[106],"task":[107],"success":[108],"rate":[109],"generate":[111],"tool":[112],"calls":[113],"fully":[115],"meet":[116],"expectations":[117],"obtain":[119],"completely":[120],"accurate":[121],"results,":[122],"205ms":[123],"average":[124],"response":[125],"time,":[126],"74KB":[128],"peak":[129],"memory":[130],"footprint.":[131],"This":[132],"work":[133],"delivers":[134],"both":[135],"an":[136],"open-source":[137],"(https://llm4iot.org)":[140],"evaluation":[144],"methodology":[145],"LLM-IoT":[147],"systems.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
