{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417475855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447","title":"Certificates in AI: Learn but Verify","display_name":"Certificates in AI: Learn but Verify","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417475855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3737447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026961968","display_name":"Clark Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clark Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080555605","display_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISTA, Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISTA, Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064230639","display_name":"Sanjit A. Seshia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-8707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjit A. Seshia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-8707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87611561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"66","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.6427000164985657,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.6427000164985657,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.24860000610351562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.805400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.2775000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.805400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7825000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3737447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3737447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3737447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W258469679","https://openalex.org/W1900583228","https://openalex.org/W1970165929","https://openalex.org/W2012436850","https://openalex.org/W2016206563","https://openalex.org/W2033118636","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2130427425","https://openalex.org/W2149236697","https://openalex.org/W2785559831","https://openalex.org/W2904222803","https://openalex.org/W2988261654","https://openalex.org/W3158895321","https://openalex.org/W3191736465","https://openalex.org/W3203156624","https://openalex.org/W4205950066","https://openalex.org/W4225113125","https://openalex.org/W4283790991","https://openalex.org/W4283805020","https://openalex.org/W4294559022","https://openalex.org/W4311887664","https://openalex.org/W4315606134","https://openalex.org/W4362661194","https://openalex.org/W4366672340","https://openalex.org/W4387796988","https://openalex.org/W4387843446","https://openalex.org/W4399631463","https://openalex.org/W4400675892","https://openalex.org/W4400939442","https://openalex.org/W4409362073","https://openalex.org/W4415798149"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"certifiable":[1],"machine":[2],"learning,":[3],"AI":[4],"systems":[5],"produce":[6],"not":[7],"only":[8],"results":[9,16],"but":[10],"also":[11],"verifiable":[12],"certificates":[13],"that":[14],"the":[15],"can":[17],"be":[18],"trusted.":[19]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"}