{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416696435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3733799.3762967","title":"E-PhishGEN: Unlocking Novel Research in Phishing Email Detection","display_name":"E-PhishGEN: Unlocking Novel Research in Phishing Email Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416696435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3733799.3762967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3733799.3762967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3733799.3762967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01791","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051194788","display_name":"Luca Pajola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-6608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Pajola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spritz Matter, Padova, Italy and University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-6608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spritz Matter, Padova, Italy and University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120666569","display_name":"Eugenio Caripoti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio Caripoti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spritz Matter, Padova, Italy and University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3753-1859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spritz Matter, Padova, Italy and University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120666570","display_name":"Stefan Banzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184656255","display_name":"University of Liechtenstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjrx392","country_code":"LI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184656255"]}],"countries":["LI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Banzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4727-6468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184656255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simeone Pizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6719-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simeone Pizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spritz Matter, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6719-0813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spritz Matter, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063847107","display_name":"Mauro Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padua, Padova, Italy and \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padua, Padova, Italy and \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253","https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084036967","display_name":"Giovanni Apruzzese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-9611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184656255","display_name":"University of Liechtenstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjrx392","country_code":"LI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184656255"]}],"countries":["LI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Apruzzese","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein and University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-9611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein and University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184656255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051194788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93589478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"64","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebase","display_name":"Codebase","score":0.7211999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.40619999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7857999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.7211999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3733799.3762967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3733799.3762967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.01791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01791","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01791","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.01791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01791","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.01791","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Every":[0],"day,":[1],"our":[2,132,205],"inboxes":[3],"are":[4,93,173],"flooded":[5],"with":[6,255],"unsolicited":[7],"emails,":[8],"ranging":[9],"between":[10],"annoying":[11],"spam":[12],"to":[13,70,198,207,224,279],"more":[14],"subtle":[15],"phishing":[16,56,188,266],"scams.":[17],"Unfortunately,":[18],"despite":[19],"abundant":[20],"prior":[21,81],"efforts":[22],"proposing":[23],"solutions":[24],"achieving":[25],"near-perfect":[26,149],"accuracy,":[27],"the":[28,53,63,72,102,156,179,226,251,277],"reality":[29],"is":[30,269],"that":[31,66,79,88,144,172,185,236,265],"countering":[32],"malicious":[33],"emails":[34,87,217],"still":[35,270],"remains":[36],"an":[37,135,193,271],"unsolved":[38],"dilemma.":[39],"This":[40],"\"open":[41],"problem\"":[42],"paper":[43],"carries":[44],"out":[45],"a":[46,114,160,210,231,243,256,282],"critical":[47],"assessment":[48],"of":[49,55,96,116,131,181,253],"scientific":[50],"works":[51],"in":[52,75,139,218],"context":[54],"email":[57,267],"detection.":[58],"First,":[59],"we":[60,90,109,190,228,263],"focus":[61],"on":[62,84,106,120,155,238],"benchmark":[64],"datasets":[65,85],"have":[67],"been":[68],"used":[69],"assess":[71],"methods":[73,118,147,171],"proposed":[74],"research.":[76,141,286],"We":[77,142,203,221,248],"find":[78],"most":[80,145],"work":[82],"relied":[83],"containing":[86,215],"--":[89,92,134,159,241,274],"argue":[91],"not":[94],"representative":[95],"current":[97,187],"trends,":[98,189],"and":[99,112,128,153,275],"mostly":[100],"encompass":[101],"English":[103],"language.":[104],"Based":[105],"this":[107],"finding,":[108],"then":[110],"re-implement":[111],"re-assess":[113],"variety":[115],"detection":[117,213,268],"reliant":[119],"machine":[121],"learning":[122],"(ML),":[123],"including":[124],"large-language":[125],"models":[126],"(LLM),":[127],"release":[129],"all":[130],"codebase":[133],"(unfortunately)":[136],"uncommon":[137],"practice":[138],"related":[140],"show":[143,264],"such":[146,281],"achieve":[148],"performance":[150,234],"when":[151],"trained":[152],"tested":[154],"same":[157],"dataset":[158,214],"result":[161],"which":[162],"intrinsically":[163],"hinders":[164],"development":[165],"(how":[166],"can":[167],"future":[168,285],"research":[169],"outperform":[170],"already":[174],"near":[175],"perfect?).":[176],"To":[177,260],"foster":[178],"creation":[180],"\"more":[182],"challenging":[183],"benchmarks\"":[184],"reflect":[186],"propose":[191],"E-PhishGEN,":[192],"LLM-based":[194],"(and":[195],"privacy-savvy)":[196],"framework":[197],"generate":[199],"novel":[200,211],"phishing-email":[201,212],"datasets.":[202],"use":[204,222],"E-PhishGEN":[206],"create":[208],"E-PhishLLM,":[209],"16616":[216],"three":[219],"languages.":[220],"E-PhishLLM":[223,254],"test":[225],"detectors":[227],"considered,":[229],"showing":[230],"much":[232],"lower":[233],"than":[235],"achieved":[237],"existing":[239],"benchmarks":[240],"indicating":[242],"larger":[244],"room":[245],"for":[246],"improvement.":[247],"also":[249],"validate":[250],"quality":[252],"user":[257],"study":[258],"(n=30).":[259],"sum":[261],"up,":[262],"open":[272],"problem":[273,283],"provide":[276],"means":[278],"tackle":[280],"by":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}