{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411635454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731715.3733492","title":"Q-Chain: A Causal-Aware Framework for Structural and Educational Question Generation","display_name":"Q-Chain: A Causal-Aware Framework for Structural and Educational Question Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411635454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731715.3733492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3731715.3733492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731715.3733492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/557317","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112861981","display_name":"Junqi Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8545-9917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lvcheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7655-3731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lvcheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7655-3731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052763223","display_name":"Zeyd Boukhers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110507","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01ak24c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110507","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyd Boukhers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FIT, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FIT, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076074691","display_name":"Bipin Indurkhya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-9209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipin Indurkhya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-9209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037082005","display_name":"Cong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-0935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-0935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10457523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2083","last_page":"2087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9405999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6204502582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-chain","display_name":"Causal chain","score":0.6102763414382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.5012340545654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.344315767288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32527416944503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.25461065769195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.13292047381401062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6204502582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79897977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054568","display_name":"Causal chain","level":2,"score":0.6102763414382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5012340545654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.344315767288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32527416944503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.25461065769195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13292047381401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3731715.3733492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731715.3733492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/557317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/557317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publikacja pokonferencyjna"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/489833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/489833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/557317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/557317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publikacja pokonferencyjna"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1775261165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20241918","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G689445793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914238034","https://openalex.org/W2967677465","https://openalex.org/W2988673764","https://openalex.org/W3128513378","https://openalex.org/W3196385594","https://openalex.org/W4221146870","https://openalex.org/W4294768397","https://openalex.org/W4318480794","https://openalex.org/W4382656966","https://openalex.org/W4402467510","https://openalex.org/W4402892155","https://openalex.org/W4403437735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2331599909","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W2156703779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Question":[1],"Generation":[2],"(AQG)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,63,91,132],"generate":[6],"valid,":[7],"coherent":[8],"questions":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11,116,140],"given":[12],"text":[13],"passages":[14],"in":[15,74],"pre-trained":[16],"language":[17],"models.":[18],"While":[19],"AQG":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"a":[23,60,136],"significant":[24],"area":[25],"of":[26,99],"retrieval":[27],"augmentation":[28],"and":[29,50,54,66,79,114,125,128],"agent-based":[30],"systems,":[31],"current":[32],"QG":[33],"models":[34,40],"face":[35],"limitations,":[36],"especially":[37],"with":[38,45,93],"sequential":[39],"like":[41],"Transformer,":[42],"which":[43],"struggle":[44],"modeling":[46],"complex":[47],"logical":[48,82],"structures":[49],"limited":[51],"question":[52,89,101],"coherence":[53],"depth.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"proposes":[58],"Q-Chain,":[59],"framework":[61],"designed":[62],"optimize":[64],"logic":[65,72],"educational":[67],"values.":[68],"Q-Chain":[69,110],"features:":[70],"(1)Differentiable":[71],"layers":[73],"GMP":[75],"model":[76],"conditional":[77],"dependencies":[78],"counterfactuals,":[80],"ensuring":[81],"rigor.":[83],"(2)":[84],"Bloom's":[85],"taxonomy-guided":[86],"gating":[87],"adjusts":[88],"difficulty":[90],"align":[92],"pedagogical":[94],"goals.":[95],"(3)":[96],"Direct":[97],"generation":[98],"logic-structured":[100],"graphs":[102],"enhanced":[103],"by":[104],"counterfactual":[105,141],"training.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109],"outperforms":[111],"GPT-3.5,":[112],"T5,":[113],"BART":[115],"the":[117],"MedQuAD":[118],"dataset":[119],"(0.82":[120],"vs":[121,123],"0.80":[122],"0.72":[124],"0.74":[126],"F1-score)":[127],"shows":[129],"superior":[130],"robustness":[131],"noisy":[133],"inputs,":[134],"achieving":[135],"4.1/5":[137],"human":[138],"rating":[139],"questions,":[142],"40%":[143],"better":[144],"than":[145],"BART.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}