{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409623897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731680","title":"HSG-RAG: Hierarchical Knowledge Base Construction for Embedded System Development","display_name":"HSG-RAG: Hierarchical Knowledge Base Construction for Embedded System Development","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409623897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3731680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103238778","display_name":"Zhouyang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6159-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhouyang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6159-6914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098359121","display_name":"Hailin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7570-4078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7570-4078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049553013","display_name":"A. Q. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anrui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9712-0275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siyuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6582-6691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6582-6691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9924-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9924-7790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yifei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7188-4225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7188-4225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066452371","display_name":"Wentao Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-5829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-5829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082912188","display_name":"Jiangli Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9111-8474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangli Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University","Fudan University,  Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9111-8474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,  Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103238778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92175495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8880137205123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.6654258370399475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5427423119544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.42172718048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32606834173202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2784811556339264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8880137205123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6654258370399475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5427423119544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.42172718048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32606834173202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2784811556339264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3731680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364189045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62090025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2992347006","https://openalex.org/W3003265726","https://openalex.org/W3010336026","https://openalex.org/W3015322406","https://openalex.org/W3115947671","https://openalex.org/W3190695173","https://openalex.org/W4380353763","https://openalex.org/W4385571232","https://openalex.org/W4385572754","https://openalex.org/W4389519118","https://openalex.org/W4389519928","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391855109","https://openalex.org/W4394745423","https://openalex.org/W4402670856","https://openalex.org/W4406892424","https://openalex.org/W6852874933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2385713529","https://openalex.org/W2599749361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Customization":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,49,93,160],"fundamental":[3],"aspect":[4],"of":[5,23,59,166],"embedded":[6,72,102,174],"system":[7,73,103],"development,":[8,74],"requiring":[9],"developers":[10],"to":[11,37,52,82,109],"acquire":[12],"extensive":[13],"domain-specific":[14,84],"knowledge":[15,80,94,107],"from":[16],"technical":[17,115],"documents.":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,28,40,46,78,111,127,139,146,150,164],"sheer":[21],"volume":[22],"these":[24],"documents,":[25,147],"coupled":[26],"with":[27,56],"intricate":[29],"relationships":[30,144],"between":[31],"their":[32],"contents,":[33],"makes":[34],"it":[35],"challenging":[36],"efficiently":[38],"retrieve":[39],"necessary":[41],"information.":[42],"This":[43],"challenge":[44],"highlights":[45],"need":[47],"for":[48,101,162,177],"structured":[50],"approach":[51],"organize":[53],"domain":[54],"knowledge,":[55],"explicit":[57],"representation":[58],"interrelationships.":[60],"Moreover,":[61],"while":[62],"advanced":[63],"large":[64],"language":[65],"models":[66],"(LLMs)":[67],"show":[68,183],"promise":[69],"in":[70,145,152,169,173],"aiding":[71],"they":[75],"often":[76],"lack":[77],"specialized":[79],"needed":[81],"address":[83],"queries":[85],"effectively.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"article,":[89],"we":[90],"present":[91],"HSG-RAG,":[92],"base":[95],"construction":[96],"and":[97,142,155,189,194],"retrieval":[98,151],"method":[99],"tailored":[100],"development":[104],"that":[105,184],"leverages":[106],"graphs":[108],"represent":[110],"hierarchical":[112,143],"structure":[113],"within":[114],"documentation.":[116],"Unlike":[117],"prior":[118],"retrieval-augmented":[119],"generation":[120],"(RAG)":[121],"or":[122,134],"GraphRAG-based":[123],"approaches,":[124],"which":[125,148],"build":[126],"index":[128],"either":[129],"rely":[130],"on":[131],"semantic":[132],"similarity":[133],"keyword":[135],"co-occurrence,":[136],"HSG-RAG":[137,185],"captures":[138],"inherited":[140],"dependency":[141],"benefits":[149],"both":[153,187],"performance":[154],"efficiency.":[156],"We":[157],"also":[158],"introduce":[159],"benchmark":[161],"evaluating":[163],"effectiveness":[165],"RAG":[167,188],"systems":[168],"solving":[170],"real-world":[171],"challenges":[172],"systems,":[175],"particularly":[176],"multi-hop":[178],"question":[179],"answering.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"outperforms":[186],"GraphRAG,":[190],"generating":[191],"more":[192],"specific":[193],"concise":[195],"responses.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-04T08:30:34.212998","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}