{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416004124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731599.3767385","title":"The Cost of Teaching Operational ML","display_name":"The Cost of Teaching Operational ML","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416004124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731599.3767385"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3731599.3767385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731599.3767385","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SC '25 Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058957238","display_name":"Fraida Fund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-9282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fraida Fund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-9282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026929234","display_name":"Kate Keahey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-5466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Keahey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-5466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032959642","display_name":"Cody Hammock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1516-8562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108547","display_name":"EarthTech International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mjdf856","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108547"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cody Hammock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), Austin, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1516-8562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038558391","display_name":"Marc Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3532-4281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3532-4281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018842137","display_name":"Mark Powers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-6586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Powers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-6586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021525241","display_name":"Michael Sherman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0352-8842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Sherman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0352-8842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3003702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"393","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.36959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.36959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.07559999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.048500001430511475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7444000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6955999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5756999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4383000135421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7444000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6955999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5756999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3731599.3767385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3731599.3767385","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SC '25 Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6864847761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2230079, 2230077, 2431425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057332538","https://openalex.org/W2782864149","https://openalex.org/W2970582402","https://openalex.org/W3003307593","https://openalex.org/W3035507081","https://openalex.org/W3036963153","https://openalex.org/W3086105743","https://openalex.org/W3090752740","https://openalex.org/W4284970598","https://openalex.org/W4312272201","https://openalex.org/W4383749422","https://openalex.org/W4386524201","https://openalex.org/W4386768656","https://openalex.org/W4387030177","https://openalex.org/W4388581319","https://openalex.org/W4413059433"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operational":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"requires":[4],"skills":[5],"beyond":[6],"model":[7,16],"development,":[8],"including":[9],"infrastructure":[10,41],"provisioning,":[11],"large-scale":[12],"training":[13],"across":[14,93],"clusters,":[15],"deployment":[17],"with":[18,57,122],"consideration":[19],"of":[20,43,124],"operational":[21],"performance,":[22],"monitoring,":[23],"and":[24,32,40,51,84,86,101],"automation":[25],"-":[26],"capabilities":[27],"grounded":[28],"in":[29],"high-performance":[30],"computing":[31],"distributed":[33,77],"systems.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"the":[38,67,105],"design":[39],"requirements":[42],"a":[44],"graduate-level":[45],"course":[46,106,121,128],"on":[47,66,107],"ML":[48,74],"Systems":[49],"Engineering":[50],"Operations,":[52],"aimed":[53],"at":[54],"equipping":[55],"students":[56,71],"these":[58],"skills.":[59],"Using":[60],"186,692":[61],"total":[62],"compute":[63,91],"instance":[64],"hours":[65],"Chameleon":[68],"Cloud":[69],"testbed,":[70],"built":[72],"end-to-end":[73],"pipelines":[75],"incorporating":[76],"training,":[78],"reproducible":[79],"experiment":[80],"tracking,":[81],"automated":[82],"re-training":[83],"re-deployment,":[85],"continuous":[87],"monitoring.":[88],"We":[89],"analyze":[90],"usage":[92],"assignments,":[94],"compare":[95],"expected":[96],"versus":[97],"actual":[98],"resource":[99],"consumption,":[100],"estimate":[102],"that":[103],"replicating":[104],"commercial":[108],"cloud":[109],"platforms":[110],"would":[111],"cost":[112],"approximately":[113],"$250":[114],"per":[115],"student":[116],"(almost":[117],"$50,000":[118],"for":[119,133],"our":[120],"enrollment":[123],"191":[125],"students).":[126],"All":[127],"materials":[129],"are":[130],"publicly":[131],"available":[132],"reuse.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-07T00:00:00"}