{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106305028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764491","title":"From GEO to LEO: First Look Into Starlink In-Flight Connectivity","display_name":"From GEO to LEO: First Look Into Starlink In-Flight Connectivity","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106305028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764491"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3730567.3764491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764491","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"HyunSeok Daniel Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6964-5862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"HyunSeok Daniel Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matteo Varvello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-4630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Varvello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aravindh Raman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149823","display_name":"Cisco Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wfsv479","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043","https://openalex.org/I4210149823"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aravindh Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco ThousandEyes, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco ThousandEyes, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149823"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yasir Zaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8078-6944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Zaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89019285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"952","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.30970001220703125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.30970001220703125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.19110000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.34709998965263367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59538626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854768","display_name":"Bandwidth management","level":3,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139458680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184942","display_name":"Interoperation","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3730567.3764491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3730567.3764491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789067528","https://openalex.org/W2900729845","https://openalex.org/W3043574969","https://openalex.org/W3093476542","https://openalex.org/W4307020315","https://openalex.org/W4307020409","https://openalex.org/W4307020413","https://openalex.org/W4385625026","https://openalex.org/W4386260517","https://openalex.org/W4389077011","https://openalex.org/W4389109226","https://openalex.org/W4392016746","https://openalex.org/W4394881852","https://openalex.org/W4396758450","https://openalex.org/W4404240368"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,18],"reliable":[4],"Internet":[5,103],"access":[6],"during":[7],"air":[8],"travel":[9],"has":[10],"made":[11],"in-flight":[12],"connectivity":[13],"(IFC)":[14],"a":[15],"critical":[16],"service":[17],"commercial":[19],"airlines.":[20,75],"Traditional":[21],"IFC":[22,60],"systems":[23,96],"rely":[24,97],"on":[25,98,129],"geostationary":[26],"(GEO)":[27],"satellites,":[28],"but":[29,168],"their":[30],"high":[31],"latency":[32],"and":[33,64,88,100,166],"limited":[34],"bandwidth":[35,176],"hinder":[36],"user":[37,134],"experience.":[38],"Emerging":[39],"Low":[40],"Earth":[41],"Orbit":[42],"(LEO)":[43],"constellations,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"Starlink,":[47],"promise":[48],"better":[49],"network":[50],"performance.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"the":[55,153],"first":[56],"empirical":[57],"comparison":[58],"of":[59,144],"performance":[61,120,146],"across":[62],"GEO":[63,95],"LEO":[65],"networks,":[66],"using":[67],"data":[68],"from":[69,147],"25":[70],"flights":[71,131,150],"operated":[72],"by":[73],"7":[74],"Measurements":[76],"collected":[77],"via":[78],"instrumented":[79],"Android":[80],"devices":[81],"cover":[82],"key":[83],"metrics":[84],"including":[85],"latency,":[86],"throughput,":[87],"CDN":[89],"responsiveness.":[90],"We":[91],"observe":[92],"that":[93,111,152],"while":[94],"static":[99],"often":[101,132],"distant":[102],"gateways,":[104],"Starlink":[105,149],"clients":[106],"connect":[107],"to":[108,160,174],"different":[109],"gateways":[110],"align":[112],"more":[113],"closely":[114],"with":[115,169],"flight":[116],"trajectories,":[117],"enhancing":[118],"end-to-end":[119],"through":[121],"shorter":[122],"satellite":[123],"paths.":[124],"However,":[125],"DNS-based":[126],"content":[127],"filtering":[128],"Starlink-equipped":[130],"affects":[133],"geolocation,":[135],"introducing":[136],"unnecessary":[137],"terrestrial":[138],"delays.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"our":[141],"case":[142],"study":[143],"TCP":[145],"2":[148],"shows":[151],"BBR":[154],"congestion":[155],"control":[156],"algorithm":[157],"delivers":[158],"up":[159],"35\u00d7":[161],"higher":[162,171],"throughput":[163],"than":[164],"Cubic":[165],"Vegas,":[167],"significantly":[170],"retransmissions":[172],"due":[173],"aggressive":[175],"probing.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}
