{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106288113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764427","title":"Where in the World Are My Trackers? Mapping Web Tracking Flow Across Diverse Geographic Regions","display_name":"Where in the World Are My Trackers? Mapping Web Tracking Flow Across Diverse Geographic Regions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106288113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764427"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3730567.3764427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764427","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sachin Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-3262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-3262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert Ricci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6904-5192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ricci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6904-5192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexander Gamero-Garrido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-4520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Gamero-Garrido","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-4520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66449098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"692","last_page":"708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.5493000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.5493000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.24089999496936798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.7138000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6833999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"Web server","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-suite","display_name":"Software suite","score":0.40470001101493835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.7138000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6833999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6744999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11392498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288","display_name":"Web server","level":3,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143070","display_name":"Software suite","level":3,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138744977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5132438","display_name":"Clickstream","level":5,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24733836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649186","display_name":"Web mapping","level":4,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983909278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6368","display_name":"Web browser","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27713364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528166","display_name":"Client","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3730567.3764427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3730567.3764427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3730567.3764427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5297722220420837,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1200299632","https://openalex.org/W1851804771","https://openalex.org/W2072334238","https://openalex.org/W2095968786","https://openalex.org/W2112623149","https://openalex.org/W2115819049","https://openalex.org/W2130850880","https://openalex.org/W2535603283","https://openalex.org/W2562362575","https://openalex.org/W2765393031","https://openalex.org/W2768480737","https://openalex.org/W2771031712","https://openalex.org/W2805572865","https://openalex.org/W2896797341","https://openalex.org/W2902204202","https://openalex.org/W2902322559","https://openalex.org/W2902834429","https://openalex.org/W2914733125","https://openalex.org/W2930110112","https://openalex.org/W2940495712","https://openalex.org/W2958793707","https://openalex.org/W2962900647","https://openalex.org/W2976483846","https://openalex.org/W2980710364","https://openalex.org/W2981241721","https://openalex.org/W3032587911","https://openalex.org/W3035700767","https://openalex.org/W3038611379","https://openalex.org/W3093736937","https://openalex.org/W3140911083","https://openalex.org/W3153365264","https://openalex.org/W3210292493","https://openalex.org/W3217153411","https://openalex.org/W3217222343","https://openalex.org/W4224316621","https://openalex.org/W4283459939","https://openalex.org/W4283645980","https://openalex.org/W4285156334","https://openalex.org/W4307020316","https://openalex.org/W4307020339","https://openalex.org/W4308643312","https://openalex.org/W4322764243","https://openalex.org/W4366544909","https://openalex.org/W4386041990","https://openalex.org/W4403981141","https://openalex.org/W4410475084","https://openalex.org/W4413183621"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web":[0],"trackers":[1,28],"are":[2,67],"pervasive":[3],"on":[4,50,100],"the":[5,14,21,46,51,55,61,70,88,92,101,111,115],"Internet,":[6],"collecting":[7,85],"user":[8,41,154],"data":[9,29,170],"as":[10,60],"it":[11],"flows":[12],"from":[13,87,139],"end":[15],"user's":[16],"devices":[17],"to":[18,106],"servers.":[19],"Understanding":[20],"physical":[22],"location":[23],"of":[24,45,95,118],"these":[25],"servers":[26],"and":[27,37,91,151],"flow":[30],"is":[31,114,145],"essential":[32],"for":[33],"assessing":[34],"privacy":[35],"risks":[36],"ensuring":[38],"control":[39],"over":[40],"data.":[42],"While":[43],"much":[44],"existing":[47],"research":[48],"focuses":[49],"Global":[52,71,112],"North,":[53],"especially":[54],"EU":[56],"where":[57,73],"regulations":[58],"such":[59],"General":[62],"Data":[63],"Protection":[64],"Regulation":[65],"(GDPR)":[66],"in":[68,110,121,136],"place,":[69],"South,":[72],"most":[74],"Internet":[75],"users":[76],"reside,":[77],"remains":[78],"under-studied.":[79],"We":[80,156],"address":[81,125],"this":[82,108],"gap":[83],"by":[84],"measurements":[86,135],"web":[89],"browser":[90],"data-plane":[93],"(IP":[94],"responding":[96],"server":[97],"&":[98],"latency)":[99],"same":[102],"device.":[103],"A":[104],"challenge":[105],"apply":[107,157],"approach":[109],"South":[113],"lower":[116],"density":[117],"observation":[119],"points":[120],"measurement":[122],"infrastructure.":[123],"To":[124],"this,":[126],"we":[127],"build":[128],"a":[129,140],"software":[130],"suite":[131,144],"that":[132],"automatically":[133],"collects":[134],"various":[137],"countries":[138],"volunteer's":[141],"computer.":[142],"Our":[143],"interoperable":[146],"with":[147],"all":[148],"major":[149],"OSes":[150],"requires":[152],"limited":[153],"intervention.":[155],"our":[158],"method":[159],"across":[160],"23":[161],"geographically":[162],"diverse":[163],"countries,":[164],"offering":[165],"in-depth":[166],"insights":[167],"into":[168],"tracker":[169],"flow.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-23T05:13:22.807545","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}
