{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411403405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729466","title":"S2Pair: Secure and Simple Device Pairing Using Human Bone as a Key Generator","display_name":"S2Pair: Secure and Simple Device Pairing Using Human Bone as a Key Generator","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411403405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016490673","display_name":"Yao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-4932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-4932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411557","display_name":"Yufei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3688-4353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356583","display_name":"Haibin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-6341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-6341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037774333","display_name":"Minjie Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-2794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minjie Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-2794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054698524","display_name":"Tao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-6639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-6639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.872808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing","display_name":"Pairing","score":0.8001177906990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7499443292617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7345706820487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-in-the-middle-attack","display_name":"Man-in-the-middle attack","score":0.5811654329299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.5637075304985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5447384715080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5330629944801331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5160812735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.49112769961357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4544714689254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4426214396953583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37823837995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2908305525779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19545185565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.14147841930389404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14103023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459","display_name":"Pairing","level":3,"score":0.8001177906990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7499443292617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7345706820487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196491621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554830","display_name":"Man-in-the-middle attack","level":3,"score":0.5811654329299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.5637075304985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5447384715080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5330629944801331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5160812735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.49112769961357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4544714689254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4426214396953583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37823837995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2908305525779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19545185565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.14147841930389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523094912","https://openalex.org/W1976261050","https://openalex.org/W2001619264","https://openalex.org/W2032719203","https://openalex.org/W2102187818","https://openalex.org/W2111744417","https://openalex.org/W2136447324","https://openalex.org/W2463782606","https://openalex.org/W2532585811","https://openalex.org/W2548276179","https://openalex.org/W2575585029","https://openalex.org/W2580028016","https://openalex.org/W2601292847","https://openalex.org/W2602548784","https://openalex.org/W2790572611","https://openalex.org/W2794306189","https://openalex.org/W2794756467","https://openalex.org/W2915409910","https://openalex.org/W2925634966","https://openalex.org/W2979660840","https://openalex.org/W3003285580","https://openalex.org/W3042882731","https://openalex.org/W3095980483","https://openalex.org/W3096980218","https://openalex.org/W3178024718","https://openalex.org/W3198130403","https://openalex.org/W3205995231","https://openalex.org/W3211013261","https://openalex.org/W4214908052","https://openalex.org/W4289970208","https://openalex.org/W4297827295","https://openalex.org/W4306178566","https://openalex.org/W4380369737","https://openalex.org/W4380442442","https://openalex.org/W6922399336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173937035","https://openalex.org/W1980134735","https://openalex.org/W783558444","https://openalex.org/W2554901794","https://openalex.org/W2108355720","https://openalex.org/W3203834545","https://openalex.org/W2133941549","https://openalex.org/W2362653998","https://openalex.org/W2992521683","https://openalex.org/W2004372160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"pairing":[1,17,82,109,173],"is":[2,91],"an":[3,200],"essential":[4],"measure":[5],"to":[6,29,35,46,72,105,210],"ensure":[7],"user":[8,41],"privacy":[9],"and":[10,32,107,146,175,199],"data":[11],"security":[12,87,161],"on":[13,21,37,63,86],"smart":[14],"devices.":[15],"Traditional":[16],"approaches":[18],"predominantly":[19],"rely":[20],"manual":[22],"interactions,":[23],"which":[24],"may":[25],"be":[26],"cumbersome,":[27],"susceptible":[28],"human":[30,103],"error,":[31],"often":[33],"problematic":[34],"deploy":[36],"devices":[38],"with":[39,88],"poor":[40],"interfaces.":[42],"Despite":[43],"prior":[44],"attempts":[45],"mitigate":[47],"these":[48],"shortcomings,":[49],"their":[50],"efficacy":[51],"has":[52,192],"been":[53],"impeded":[54],"by":[55,162],"the":[56,78,120,126,129,137],"complexities":[57],"in":[58],"key":[59,67,133,144,155,168],"generation":[60],"or":[61],"reliance":[62],"wireless":[64,165],"channels":[65],"for":[66,154,167],"transmission,":[68],"leaving":[69],"them":[70],"vulnerable":[71],"potential":[73],"man-in-the-middle":[74],"(MITM)":[75],"attacks.":[76,212],"Therefore,":[77],"development":[79],"of":[80,122,132,140,151,197,204],"a":[81,98,143,148,172,177,193],"approach":[83,158],"that":[84,101,189],"focuses":[85],"user-friendly":[89],"characteristics":[90,139],"important.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94,152],"paper,":[95],"we":[96],"introduce":[97],"novel":[99],"paradigm":[100],"harnesses":[102],"bones":[104,141],"generate":[106],"transmit":[108],"keys":[110,118],"derived":[111],"from":[112],"ambient":[113],"sound.":[114],"It":[115],"spontaneously":[116],"generates":[117],"using":[119,180],"interference":[121],"vibrations":[123],"passing":[124],"through":[125],"bone,":[127],"eliminating":[128],"complex":[130],"process":[131,153],"generation.":[134],"We":[135,170],"explore":[136],"unique":[138],"as":[142],"generator":[145],"develop":[147],"quantitative":[149],"model":[150],"confirmation.":[156],"Our":[157],"also":[159,207],"enhances":[160],"avoiding":[163],"public":[164],"links":[166],"transmission.":[169],"design":[171],"protocol":[174],"build":[176],"prototype":[178],"system":[179,191],"off-the-shelf":[181],"sensors.":[182],"Extensive":[183],"experiments":[184],"involving":[185],"44":[186],"participants":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"our":[190],"true":[194],"acceptance":[195],"rate":[196,203],"96.64%":[198],"equal":[201],"error":[202],"1.96%,":[205],"while":[206],"being":[208],"resilient":[209],"various":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
