{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411450204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729371","title":"Enhancing Web Accessibility: Automated Detection of Issues with Generative AI","display_name":"Enhancing Web Accessibility: Automated Detection of Issues with Generative AI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411450204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729371","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037948503","display_name":"Ziyao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-7240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-7240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090363618","display_name":"Syed Fatiul Huq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Fatiul Huq","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-5848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004407813","display_name":"Sam Malek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-7402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Malek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-7402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037948503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":78.6667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9989406,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"FSE","first_page":"2264","last_page":"2287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9079999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"Web accessibility","score":0.7621091604232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6913156509399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.5612378120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5556219816207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.42889341711997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.4281778335571289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.7621091604232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6913156509399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.5612378120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5556219816207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42889341711997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.4281778335571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964366470","https://openalex.org/W1984061283","https://openalex.org/W1997907270","https://openalex.org/W2101800210","https://openalex.org/W2213421584","https://openalex.org/W2244716866","https://openalex.org/W2774560440","https://openalex.org/W2805591798","https://openalex.org/W2871748596","https://openalex.org/W2999363798","https://openalex.org/W3081986719","https://openalex.org/W3089768894","https://openalex.org/W3136428280","https://openalex.org/W3161986465","https://openalex.org/W3163756696","https://openalex.org/W3195129309","https://openalex.org/W3197536693","https://openalex.org/W4210320858","https://openalex.org/W4308643009","https://openalex.org/W4313563704","https://openalex.org/W4319596332","https://openalex.org/W4366547366","https://openalex.org/W4366547540","https://openalex.org/W4366549458","https://openalex.org/W4384155512","https://openalex.org/W4385729888","https://openalex.org/W4386526937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506999362","https://openalex.org/W2797395226","https://openalex.org/W2766074951","https://openalex.org/W3024743641","https://openalex.org/W1598466475","https://openalex.org/W2161626580","https://openalex.org/W188332989","https://openalex.org/W3184678414","https://openalex.org/W102193055","https://openalex.org/W2106946048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Websites":[0],"are":[1,28],"integral":[2],"to":[3,14,30,97,121,134,150,161],"people\u2019s":[4],"daily":[5],"lives,":[6],"with":[7,32,174],"billions":[8],"in":[9],"use":[10],"today.":[11],"However,":[12],"due":[13],"limited":[15],"awareness":[16],"of":[17,39,47,73,85,90,137,169,177,182,194,198,204],"accessibility":[18,74,109,163,199],"and":[19,76,100,154,179],"its":[20,95,172],"guidelines,":[21],"developers":[22],"often":[23,77],"release":[24],"web":[25],"apps":[26],"that":[27,55,80,127],"inaccessible":[29],"people":[31],"disabilities,":[33],"who":[34],"make":[35],"up":[36],"around":[37],"16%":[38],"the":[40,86,115,123,135,166,202],"global":[41],"population.":[42],"To":[43],"ensure":[44],"a":[45,57,70,82,147,175,180],"baseline":[46],"accessibility,":[48],"software":[49],"engineers":[50],"rely":[51],"on":[52,61,165,187],"automated":[53,139],"checkers":[54],"assess":[56],"webpage\u2019s":[58],"compliance":[59],"based":[60],"predefined":[62],"rules.":[63],"Unfortunately,":[64],"these":[65],"tools":[66],"typically":[67],"cover":[68],"only":[69],"small":[71],"subset":[72],"guidelines":[75],"overlook":[78],"violations":[79,200],"require":[81],"semantic":[83],"understanding":[84],"webpage.":[87],"The":[88],"advent":[89],"generative":[91,128],"AI,":[92],"known":[93],"for":[94,107],"ability":[96],"comprehend":[98],"textual":[99],"visual":[101],"content,":[102],"has":[103],"created":[104],"new":[105],"possibilities":[106],"detecting":[108],"violations.":[110],"We":[111],"began":[112],"by":[113],"studying":[114],"most":[116],"widely":[117],"used":[118],"guideline,":[119],"WCAG,":[120],"determine":[122],"testable":[124],"success":[125,152],"criteria":[126],"AI":[129],"could":[130],"address.":[131],"This":[132],"led":[133],"development":[136],"an":[138,158,192],"tool":[140],"called":[141],"GenA11y,":[142],"which":[143],"extracts":[144],"elements":[145],"from":[146],"page":[148],"related":[149],"each":[151],"criterion":[153],"inputs":[155],"them":[156],"into":[157],"LLM":[159],"prompted":[160],"detect":[162],"issues":[164],"web.":[167],"Evaluations":[168],"GenA11y":[170,190],"showed":[171],"effectiveness,":[173],"precision":[176],"94.5%":[178],"recall":[181],"87.61%.":[183],"Additionally,":[184],"when":[185],"tested":[186],"real":[188],"websites,":[189],"identified":[191],"average":[193],"eight":[195],"more":[196],"types":[197],"than":[201],"combination":[203],"existing":[205],"tools.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
