{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409368288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729218","title":"A Survey of Reasoning with Foundation Models: Concepts, Methodologies, and Outlook","display_name":"A Survey of Reasoning with Foundation Models: Concepts, Methodologies, and Outlook","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409368288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729218","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiankai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8356-7505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiankai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8356-7505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014781667","display_name":"Chuanyang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanyang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-2026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041031140","display_name":"Enze Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-1049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enze Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-1049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012380124","display_name":"Zhengying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-6082"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-6082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034923822","display_name":"Ruihang Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-745X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-745X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071693446","display_name":"Jianing Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-3428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983245","display_name":"Jiaqi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-6782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-6782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022382771","display_name":"Mingyu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-8359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-8359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450553","display_name":"Hongyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-5534"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Lab,  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-5534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Lab,  Shanghai China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003895235","display_name":"Mengzhe Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-439X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengzhe Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-439X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026593606","display_name":"Yue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-6181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-6181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101827340","display_name":"Wenhai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-3134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-3134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003088798","display_name":"J. T. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,  Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-6657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,  Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083955516","display_name":"Zhangyue Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0620-8271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyue Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,  Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0620-8271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,  Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079912837","display_name":"Xiaozhe Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-5510"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhe Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-5510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101713885","display_name":"Jie Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-843X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015879697","display_name":"Junxian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9559-6941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9559-6941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037528233","display_name":"Wu Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-519X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092188471","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah's Ark Lab,  Hong Kong United States","The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah's Ark Lab,  Hong Kong United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005952268","display_name":"Xihui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-9952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xihui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-9952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345753","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-6722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000624130","display_name":"Hao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-9122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,  Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-9122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,  Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026746295","display_name":"Yu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-2570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-2570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642537","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-3430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,  Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-3430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,  Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032708386","display_name":"Pheng\u2010Ann Heng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pheng Ann Heng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-5034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026944066","display_name":"Jifeng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifeng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,  Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-0785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,  Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752686","display_name":"Ping Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-7950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075880303","display_name":"Jingdong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-4445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingdong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei University of Technology,  Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-4445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei University of Technology,  Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025631695","display_name":"Ji-Rong Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9777-9676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Rong Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renmin University of China,  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9777-9676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renmin University of China,  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044665993","display_name":"Xipeng Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xipeng Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-5247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051748619","display_name":"Yike Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yike Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8401-282X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862104","display_name":"Hui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-6465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus,  Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-6465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - Guangzhou Campus,  Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426170","display_name":"Qun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-1792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah's Ark Lab,  Hong Kong United States","The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-1792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah's Ark Lab,  Hong Kong United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103196797","display_name":"Zhenguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-3069"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-3069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah Ark's Lab,  Hong Kong Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":34,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.7721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99651718,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8257975578308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.6087276339530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.45987313985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4100780785083771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8257975578308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.6087276339530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.45987313985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4100780785083771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-163028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-163028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/359182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/359182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3729218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3729218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996414682","https://openalex.org/W2041093119","https://openalex.org/W2252202991","https://openalex.org/W2513499049","https://openalex.org/W2948515602","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2964331441","https://openalex.org/W2964710271","https://openalex.org/W3006165903","https://openalex.org/W3008960538","https://openalex.org/W3011075265","https://openalex.org/W3036601975","https://openalex.org/W3044715687","https://openalex.org/W3080426653","https://openalex.org/W3102343027","https://openalex.org/W3104216863","https://openalex.org/W3111885891","https://openalex.org/W3119866685","https://openalex.org/W3122241445","https://openalex.org/W3155584966","https://openalex.org/W3156892778","https://openalex.org/W3169320628","https://openalex.org/W3169517138","https://openalex.org/W3196731672","https://openalex.org/W3196869447","https://openalex.org/W3197040007","https://openalex.org/W3198608154","https://openalex.org/W3209059054","https://openalex.org/W3209984917","https://openalex.org/W3210165781","https://openalex.org/W3210277894","https://openalex.org/W3210711965","https://openalex.org/W3211393675","https://openalex.org/W4205131770","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4221145950","https://openalex.org/W4224296706","https://openalex.org/W4225323055","https://openalex.org/W4226278401","https://openalex.org/W4226510082","https://openalex.org/W4230872509","https://openalex.org/W4234528212","https://openalex.org/W4281485151","https://openalex.org/W4281557260","https://openalex.org/W4281721632","https://openalex.org/W4283815817","https://openalex.org/W4287391717","https://openalex.org/W4287891464","https://openalex.org/W4291220917","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4297161808","https://openalex.org/W4306820534","https://openalex.org/W4312777209","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4327944355","https://openalex.org/W4365799947","https://openalex.org/W4377372363","https://openalex.org/W4378499172","https://openalex.org/W4383097638","https://openalex.org/W4385570365","https://openalex.org/W4385571505","https://openalex.org/W4385572634","https://openalex.org/W4385572852","https://openalex.org/W4385573483","https://openalex.org/W4385573762","https://openalex.org/W4385768082","https://openalex.org/W4386065691","https://openalex.org/W4386076375","https://openalex.org/W4386076670","https://openalex.org/W4386247688","https://openalex.org/W4386576765","https://openalex.org/W4387427785","https://openalex.org/W4389518949","https://openalex.org/W4389519291","https://openalex.org/W4389519465","https://openalex.org/W4389519620","https://openalex.org/W4389519896","https://openalex.org/W4389520003","https://openalex.org/W4389520407","https://openalex.org/W4389523706","https://openalex.org/W4389544300","https://openalex.org/W4390872495","https://openalex.org/W4390874280","https://openalex.org/W4391876619","https://openalex.org/W4401042351","https://openalex.org/W4401043240","https://openalex.org/W4402671689","https://openalex.org/W4404625217","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6838865847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2381393187","https://openalex.org/W2332779545","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2358060160","https://openalex.org/W2035483685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reasoning,":[0],"a":[1,8,26,46],"crucial":[2],"ability":[3],"for":[4,67],"complex":[5],"problem-solving,":[6],"plays":[7],"pivotal":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,29,49,53,73,110,126,135],"various":[12,74],"real-world":[13],"settings":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,25],"negotiation,":[17],"medical":[18],"diagnosis,":[19],"and":[20,78,107,145],"criminal":[21],"investigation.":[22],"It":[23],"serves":[24],"fundamental":[27],"methodology":[28],"the":[30,38,70,84,89,100,111,148],"field":[31],"of":[32,41,91,102,113,129,150],"Artificial":[33],"General":[34],"Intelligence":[35],"(AGI).":[36],"With":[37],"ongoing":[39],"development":[40,149],"foundation":[42,62,95,138],"models,":[43,139],"there":[44],"is":[45],"growing":[47],"interest":[48],"exploring":[50],"their":[51,127],"abilities":[52,93],"reasoning":[54,75,92,136],"tasks.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57,130],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,121],"introduce":[60],"seminal":[61],"models":[63],"proposed":[64],"or":[65],"adaptable":[66],"reasoning,":[68],"highlighting":[69],"latest":[71],"advancements":[72,134],"tasks,":[76],"methods,":[77],"benchmarks.":[79],"We":[80,97],"then":[81],"delve":[82],"into":[83],"potential":[85],"future":[86,118],"directions":[87],"behind":[88],"emergence":[90],"within":[94],"models.":[96],"also":[98],"discuss":[99],"relevance":[101],"multimodal":[103],"learning,":[104],"autonomous":[105],"agents,":[106],"super":[108],"alignment":[109],"context":[112],"reasoning.":[114],"By":[115],"discussing":[116],"these":[117],"research":[119],"directions,":[120],"hope":[122],"to":[123,147],"inspire":[124],"researchers":[125],"exploration":[128],"field,":[131],"stimulate":[132],"further":[133],"with":[137],"e.g.":[140],"Large":[141],"Language":[142],"Models":[143],"(LLMs),":[144],"contribute":[146],"AGI.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
