{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411523124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912","title":"Enhancing Vulnerability Detection via Inter-procedural Semantic Completion","display_name":"Enhancing Vulnerability Detection via Inter-procedural Semantic Completion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411523124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101944861","display_name":"Bozhi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-2248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bozhi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-2248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chengjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1296-8046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1296-8046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107249519","display_name":"Zhiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-5698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-5698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018719900","display_name":"Yushi Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-608X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushi Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-608X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429004","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072863865","display_name":"Shang\u2010Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-3434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-3434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90874844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"ISSTA","first_page":"825","last_page":"847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.807136058807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7403910756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6488475799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.641355037689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5801864266395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5614275336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5185118913650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4939003586769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4884108901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.42367759346961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15451985597610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09544995427131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08026495575904846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.807136058807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7403910756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6488475799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.641355037689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5801864266395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5614275336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5185118913650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4939003586769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4884108901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.42367759346961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15451985597610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09544995427131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08026495575904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/201464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/201464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-11286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/10285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200653874","https://openalex.org/W1517041072","https://openalex.org/W1974909417","https://openalex.org/W2016558072","https://openalex.org/W2087612811","https://openalex.org/W2112936713","https://openalex.org/W2133497528","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2887364112","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W2997311125","https://openalex.org/W3034689979","https://openalex.org/W3091588759","https://openalex.org/W3091730360","https://openalex.org/W3101228802","https://openalex.org/W3127736190","https://openalex.org/W3161071537","https://openalex.org/W3163206498","https://openalex.org/W3166095789","https://openalex.org/W3177116043","https://openalex.org/W3194346579","https://openalex.org/W4221166942","https://openalex.org/W4230268758","https://openalex.org/W4239025696","https://openalex.org/W4287889995","https://openalex.org/W4312436517","https://openalex.org/W4313547549","https://openalex.org/W4387298393","https://openalex.org/W4389162688","https://openalex.org/W4391558518","https://openalex.org/W4393029443","https://openalex.org/W4394745423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2889616422","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1983399550","https://openalex.org/W97075385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inspired":[0],"by":[1,67],"advances":[2],"in":[3],"deep":[4],"learning,":[5],"numerous":[6],"learning-based":[7,65,123,137],"approaches":[8,37,66,124,138],"for":[9,20,79,93,107,125],"vulnerability":[10,50,109,126],"detection":[11,127,153],"have":[12],"emerged,":[13],"primarily":[14],"operating":[15],"at":[16],"the":[17,40,73,113],"function":[18],"level":[19],"scalability.":[21,130],"However,":[22],"this":[23,54],"design":[24],"choice":[25],"has":[26],"a":[27,59],"critical":[28],"limitation:":[29],"many":[30],"vulnerabilities":[31],"span":[32],"multiple":[33],"functions,":[34],"causing":[35],"function-level":[36],"to":[38,47,63,90,117],"lose":[39],"semantics":[41,120],"of":[42,76],"called":[43,77],"functions":[44,78],"and":[45,81,144],"fail":[46],"capture":[48],"true":[49],"patterns.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"issue,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"VulnSC,":[58],"novel":[60],"framework":[61,116],"designed":[62],"enhance":[64],"complementing":[68],"inter-procedural":[69,119],"semantics.":[70],"VulnSC":[71,111,133,150],"retrieves":[72],"source":[74],"code":[75],"datasets":[80],"leverages":[82],"large":[83],"language":[84],"models":[85],"(LLMs)":[86],"with":[87,99,155],"well-designed":[88],"prompts":[89],"generate":[91],"summaries":[92],"these":[94,100],"functions.":[95],"The":[96],"datasets,":[97,143],"enhanced":[98],"summaries,":[101],"are":[102],"fed":[103],"into":[104,121],"neural":[105],"networks":[106],"improved":[108],"detection.":[110],"is":[112],"first":[114],"general":[115],"integrate":[118],"existing":[122],"while":[128],"maintaining":[129],"We":[131],"evaluate":[132],"on":[134],"four":[135],"state-of-the-art":[136],"using":[139],"two":[140],"widely":[141],"used":[142],"our":[145],"experimental":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149],"significantly":[151],"enhances":[152],"performance":[154],"minimal":[156],"additional":[157],"computational":[158],"overhead.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
