{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411015275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728725.3728829","title":"Pos-PCFG: A Password Guessing Method Incorporating Character Positions","display_name":"Pos-PCFG: A Password Guessing Method Incorporating Character Positions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411015275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728725.3728829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728725.3728829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728725.3728829","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3728725.3728829","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Information Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3728725.3728829","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8330-5895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8330-5895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435615","display_name":"Chi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-0542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603148","display_name":"Li Yong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-2377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"659","last_page":"666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.8515529036521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7869002819061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7592611312866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4688013195991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.377383828163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.376575231552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3444199860095978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24274006485939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09958317875862122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.8515529036521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7869002819061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7592611312866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4688013195991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.377383828163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.376575231552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3444199860095978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24274006485939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09958317875862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728725.3728829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728725.3728829","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3728725.3728829","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Information Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728725.3728829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728725.3728829","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3728725.3728829","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 2nd International Conference on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Information Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7699199402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB0690303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411015275.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411015275.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149929743","https://openalex.org/W6600175564","https://openalex.org/W6633728996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W2656445685","https://openalex.org/W1004582678","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2090949570","https://openalex.org/W2263162522","https://openalex.org/W2134080857","https://openalex.org/W4251972423","https://openalex.org/W1989237518","https://openalex.org/W2002093701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,11,50,70,145],"its":[2],"easy-to-use":[3],"characteristic,":[4],"passwords":[5,38,42,66,99,180],"are":[6],"still":[7],"the":[8,18,28,77,92,104,137,146,149,159,166],"main":[9],"way":[10],"authenticate":[12],"a":[13,110,118,132,174],"person":[14],"online.":[15],"However,":[16],"as":[17,44],"increasing":[19],"number":[20],"of":[21,30,36,94,162,182],"websites,":[22],"users":[23],"now":[24],"often":[25],"come":[26],"across":[27],"issues":[29],"password":[31],"overload.":[32],"Such":[33],"repeated":[34],"use":[35],"one's":[37],"or":[39,46],"choosing":[40],"simple":[41],"such":[43],"names":[45],"dates":[47],"could":[48,56],"lead":[49],"serious":[51],"security":[52],"risks.":[53],"Password-guessing":[54],"simulations":[55],"effectively":[57],"prevent":[58],"these":[59,95],"vulnerabilities.":[60],"Nowadays,":[61],"most":[62],"modern":[63],"websites":[64],"request":[65],"with":[67,117,173],"special":[68,78,107,138,183],"characters":[69,79,96,108],"enhance":[71],"their":[72],"complexity.":[73],"This":[74],"study":[75],"emphasizes":[76],"within":[80],"passwords.":[81],"By":[82],"using":[83],"t-SNE":[84,115],"visualization":[85],"and":[86,101,125],"KL":[87,120],"divergence,":[88],"we":[89],"have":[90],"analyzed":[91],"distribution":[93,112],"among":[97],"different":[98],"visually":[100],"quantitatively.":[102],"As":[103],"result":[105],"shows,":[106],"present":[109],"unique":[111],"mode":[113],"in":[114],"visualization,":[116],"higher":[119],"divergence":[121],"value":[122],"than":[123],"alphabetic":[124],"digit":[126],"segments.":[127],"Based":[128],"on":[129],"our":[130],"findings,":[131],"password-guessing":[133],"approach":[134],"that":[135],"classified":[136],"character":[139],"segments":[140],"into":[141],"four":[142],"types":[143],"according":[144],"position":[147],"named":[148],"Pos-PCFG":[150],"model":[151,156],"has":[152,157],"been":[153],"proposed.":[154],"The":[155],"improved":[158],"guessing":[160,179],"accuracy":[161,170],"multiple":[163],"datasets.":[164],"In":[165],"Rockyou":[167],"dataset":[168],"test,":[169],"was":[171],"achieved":[172],"notable":[175],"0.98%":[176],"increase":[177],"when":[178],"consisting":[181],"characters.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
